Tissues

http://www.whrhs.org/cms/lib07/NJ01001319/Centricity/Domain/81/Primary_Tissue_Types_Picture.bmp

Histology is the study of

tissues.
Tissues (tissu = woven)
Group of cells
One common function
4 primary tissue types:

https://prezi.com/nmdubq8dvhzh/tissues/

EPITHELIAL TISSUE
http://web.clark.edu/rrausch/biolabs/histo/epithelia/PCCE_100.jpg

Characteristics
2 types:
Covering and lining
epithelium
Glandular epithelium

Forms boundaries
Roles:

Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Excretion
Secretion
Sensory reception

Polarity
Specialized
contacts
Connective
Tissue supported
Regeneration
Avascular
What
are some
examples
of
Innervated

these roles in the

body?

Polarity
Apical-basal polarity
Apical Features
Microvilli
Cilia

Basal lamina
Glycoproteins & collagen
Filter
scaffolding

Cili
a
Microvil
li

Apical
Surfa
ce

Basal
Lamin
a

Basolater
al Surface

Microvilli vs Cilia

E.T. have a two-part

name.
First part describes the number of
layers of cells.
Simple = one layer
Stratified = more than one layer

Second part describes the shape of

the cells.
Squamous = flattened
Cuboidal = box shape, tall as they are
wide
Columnar = column shape, taller than
they are wide

Nuclei usually conforms to

This will help you
the shape of the when
cell!!!
identifying
tissue types!!!
Flattened cell = flattened
nucleus
Cuboidal cell = spherical
nucleus

Column cell = elongated

nucleus

Thin, absorption,
secretion, gas
exchange

Simple Epithelia:
Simple Squamous Epithelium

Filtration membrane of kidneys

Alveoli of lungs
Endothelium: friction reducing lining in lymphatic
and cardiovascular system
Mesothelium: serous membranes

http://web.clark.edu/rrausch/biolabs/histo/epithelia/alveoli.jpg

http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/Histology/0SimpleSquam_Surface1_400X

Thin, absorption,
secretion, gas
exchange

Simple Epithelia:
Simple Cuboidal
Epithelium
Secretion and
absorption
Glandular ducts
Kidney tubules

Simple Columnar
Epithelium
Lines digestive tract
Absorption and
secretion
Goblet cells

Microvilli

http://www.ouhsc.edu/histology/Glass%20slides/52_03.jpg
http://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/simple-cuboidal-epithelium.png

Thin, absorption,
secretion, gas
exchange

Simple Epithelia:
Pseudostratified
Columnar
Epithelium

False layers
Goblet cells
Cilia
Lines
respiratory
tract (trachea)

http://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/pseudostratified-ciliated-columnar-

Stratified Epithelia:
Stratified
Squamous
Epithelium:
Protection
Apical cells are
squamous, basal
are cuboidal or
columnar
Epidermis
(keratinized) and
body openings
(non-keratinized)

http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&
%20Physiology/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam

Stratified Epithelia:
Transitional Epithelium
Ability to stretch and return to normal shape and
size.
Urinary system (urinary bladder)

http://www.highlands.edu/academics/divisions/scipe/biology/faculty/harnden/2121/images/transiti

Stratified Epithelia:
Stratified Columnar:
Rare in body
Pharynx (fair-inks), male urethra

Stratified Cuboidal:
Rare in body
Sweat glands, mammary glands

Glandular Epithelia:
Gland one or more cells that secrete something
(secretion).
Endocrine glands:
Ductless
Produce hormones
Most are multicellular organs (pituitary gland)

Exocrine glands:
Secrete directly onto surface (unicellular) or into ducts
(multicellular)
Goblet cells are unicellular exocrine glands.
Multicellular exocrine glands:
Merocrine: secrete by exocytosis
Pancreas, sweat glands, salivary glands

Holocrine: secrete within cells and then cell ruptures

Oil glands (sebaceous glands)
Apocrine: apex of cell pinches off and releases secretion (mammary
glands)

Merocrine
Gland

Goblet Cell

Holocrine
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/404_Goblet_Cell_new.jpg
http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio210/chap04/Slide10.JPG
Gland

CONNECTIVE TISSUE
http://herbmitchell.info/Fig.20-5-Typesofconnective.jpg

Classes of Connective
Tissue
Connecti
ve
Tissues
CT
Proper

Loose CT

Areolar

Adipose

Reticular

Dense
Regular

Dense
CT

Hyaline

Dense
Irregular

Elastic

Cartilage

Bone

Elastic

Fibrous

Fluid

Blood

Lymph

CT Characteristics
Ground Substance
Fills space between cells
Interstitial fluid, Cell Adhesion Molecules, proteoglycans

Fibers
Provide support
Three types:
Collagen: strongest
Stronger than steel fibers of same size!

Elastic: gives tissue some elasticity

Reticular: basement membrane, around capillaries

Cells
Immature (undifferentiated) secretes ground substance and
fibers.
-blasts

Mature cells are less active.

-cyte

http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/images/Image116.gif

Connective Tissue Proper:

Loose
CT
Areolar CT
Support tissues, storage, defense
Universal packing material
Soaks up excess fluid during inflammation = edema.

http://www.highlands.edu/academics/divisions/scipe/biology/faculty/harnden/2121/im

Connective Tissue Proper:

Loose CT
Adipose Tissue
Store nutrients,
primarily fat
Adipocytes

Closely packed
cells
Shock
absorption,
energy storage,
insulation
Poor heat
conductor =
loose less
body heat

Abdomen, eyes,
kidneys,

http://www.deltagen.com/target/histologyatlas/atlas_files/musculoskeletal/adipose_tissue_white_4
0x.jpg

Connective Tissue Proper:

Loose CT
Reticular CT
Only reticular fibers
Fibroblasts
Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
Forms network to support blood cells, mainly WBCs

Connective Tissue Proper:

Dense CT (AKA fibrous
CT)
Dense Regular CT

Closely packed collagen fibers

High tensile strength
Fibroblasts
Wavy = little stretch
Poorly vascularized
Tendons muscle to bone
Ligaments bone to bone
Aponeurosis muscle to muscle
Fascia wraps muscle fibers, nerves, and blood
vessels together

http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio210/chap04/Slide17.JPG

Connective Tissue Proper:

Dense CT (AKA fibrous
CT)
Dense Irregular CT
Thicker collagen bundles arranged irregularly
Found in dermis
High tensile strength

http://www.ouhsc.edu/histology/Glass%20slides/43_04.jpg

Connective Tissue Proper:

Dense CT (AKA fibrous
CT)
Elastic CT
Stretchability
Some ligaments (vertebrae)
Larger arteries

http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/507/flashcards/974507/png/elastic_dense_
connective_tissue1327459744783.png

Cartilage
Withstands tension and compression.
No nerve fibers and avascular.
Heals slowly

Nutrients come from diffusion through

perichondrium.
Up to 80% water
Chondroblasts produce new matrix until skeleton
stops growing.
Chondrocytes are found in groups in cavities
called lacunae.

Carilage
Hyaline most abundant in body
Articular cartilage (end of long bones)
Absorb compression in joints

Nose
Connects ribs to sternum
Respiratory system
Embryonic skeleton

http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/15lab42006/lb4pg6_files/image017.jpg

Cartilage
Elastic elastic fibers
External ear and epiglottis

Fibrocartilage rows of chondrocytes alternating

with rows of collagen
Withstand heavy pressure
Intervertebral discs

http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&
http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio210/chap04/Slide20.JPG%20Physiology/2010/2010%20Exam%20Reviews/Exam%201%20Review/04-

Bone Tissue

Osseous tissue
Support, protection, storage, blood cell production
Collagen and inorganic calcium salts
Osteoblasts and osteocytes
Highly vascular

http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio210/chap04/Slide22.JPG

Fluid CT
Blood:
Cells: RBCs, WBCs
Matrix: Plasma
Fibers: function in blood clotting

Lymph: blood in lymphatic system

http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio210/chap04/Slide23.JPG

MUSCLE TISSUE
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19917.jpg

Muscle Tissue

Many cells
Highly vascular
Produce body movements
Three types:
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Skeletal Muscle

Attached to bones
Movement of skeleton
Muscle fibers (muscle cells)
Striated (actin and myosin)
Multinucleated
Many mitochondria
Long, cylindrical
Voluntary Control

http://cellbiologyolm.stevegallik.org/sites/histologyolm.stevegallik.org/images/Skelet

Cardiac Muscle

Walls of heart
Pushes blood to lungs and body through blood
vessels
Striated
Intercalated discs (cell to cell communication)
Branching
Involuntary control

http://biologyonline.us/Online%20Human%20Biology/HB%20Lab/HB%20Lab

Smooth Muscle

No striations
Spindle shaped
Walls of hollow organs other than heart
Involuntary control

https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/212/flashcards/852412/jpg/smooth01mu

NERVOUS TISSUE
http://www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/body_guide/reftext/images/8679.jpg

Nervous Tissue
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Neurons and neuroglia (later chapters)

http://www.eastcentral.edu/programs/nervous_labels.JPG

Neuron structure
Neuron = single nerve cell
Nerve = group of neurons

http://training.seer.cancer.gov/images/anatomy/nervous/neuron.jpg