HA2 28/29 January

Manhattan Project, Holocaust,

Effects of WWII

Bellwork
Prepare to take your Greatest
Generations quiz

Todays Objectives
Recall key facts and figures relating
to the Manhattan Project
Assess how the US response to the
Holocaust has affected the US
Predict and understand the effects of
WWII on the US and world

The Manhattan Project

Albert Einstein
1942 FDR initiates atomic research
with codename Manhattan Project
Leaders
J. Robert Oppenheimer
General Leslie Groves

1945 Harry Truman decides to use

atomic bombs against Japan
End WWII quickly
Avoid massive loss of life with invasion of
Japan

Predict!
How do you think the Manhattan
Project affected the US post-WWII?

Predict!
How do you think the Manhattan
Project affected the US post-WWII?
Soviet Union gets ahold of the
science and creates there own
War / competition between nations
with nuclear capabilities

The Holocaust
Nuremburg Laws put restrictions on
Jews in Germany
Hitlers Final Solution = genocide of
Jews and other undesirables
Concentration Camps (2 kinds)
Labor camps (slave labor / work camps)
Death camps (experimentation /
execution)

The Holocaust
Early US response: weak
1944 War Refugee Board works with
the Red Cross to save thousands of
Eastern European Jews
What could the US have done?
Pressured Axis-controlled sending victims
Bombed rail lines transporting victims

Nuremburg Trials international trials of

Nazis for war crimes and the Holocaust

The Holocaust
US opens up immigration for
refugees
1948 Jewish community of Palestine
declares itself the State of Israel
US immediately recognizes its
legitimacy

Predict!
How do you think the USs responses
to the Holocaust late/after the war
would affect the US?

Predict!
How do you think the USs responses
to the Holocaust late/after the war
would affect the US?
Immigration of Eastern European
Jews increased
Long-lasting, strong relationship with
Israel

Creating a New World

Yalta Conference Feb 1945 BIG
THREE (Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill)
Agree that some of the Eastern
European countries will have free
elections after the war

Potsdam July 1945 BIG THREE

(Stalin, Truman, Atlee)
Agree to divide post-war Germany into 4
zones: Soviet, American, French, British

Post-war Profiles
Germany
Leaders put on trial for war crimes
Split into 4 zones: Soviet zone under
communist rule
Made to pay reparations to Allied
nations
De-industrialize and de-militarized, but
over time helped to rebuild a stable and
productive Germany

Post-war Profiles
Japan
Leaders put on trial for war crimes
US occupies Japan + supervises writing of a
new constitution
Abolishes armed forces except for defense
Gave women suffrage
Established a plan for economic recovery

Italy
Paid war reparations, monarchy abolished,
Republic with constitution established

Post-war Profiles
China
Civil war resumes
Communists eventually take over (Mao
Zedong)

Great Britain and France

Marshall Plan (aka European Recovery
Program)
$13 billion to help rebuild Western
European economy and war-devastated
regions

Post-war Profiles
Soviet Union
Saw some economic growth during the
war and industrialization under Stalin
BUT
Industry, cities, and people had suffered
from battle with German army
Red Army (Soviet Army) controlled
Eastern Europe with the continued
threat of moving west

Post-War Profiles
United States
Isolationism ends / US assumes global
leadership
Civil Rights movement grows
Economy prospers

Predict!
Which countries will become world
superpowers after WWII? How will they
interact with each other?
Superpower = countries that
dominated the post-war world

Predict!
Which countries will become world
superpowers after WWII? How will they
interact with each other?
Superpower = countries that
dominated the post-war world
US and the Soviet Union
Cold War

International Cooperation
US pushes for world economic reform
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
organizes international money exchange
and policies
World Bank provides reconstruction
and development loans to countries
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT) reduces tariffs to expand world
trade
OVERALL GOAL: rebuilding the world
economy to recover from the war

International Cooperation
United Nations (UN)
Replaces the League of Nations
Permanently housed in NYC
All member nations sit on the
General Assembly
5 permanent Security Council seats:
United States, Soviet Union, Great
Britain, France, China

International Cooperation
UN (continued)
Aided independence movements in
colonies
Within 20 years most colonies were
independent
Helped the creation of the State of Israel
Provided aid to areas suffering after the
war
1948 issued the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights
All humans are born free and equal in
dignity and rights

Summary: Effects of WWII

Europe / Japan in ruins after WWII
European colonies gradually gain
independence
Soviets dominate Eastern Europe
Cold War between the US and the Soviets
begins
US becomes a world economic and political
power
Civil Rights movement gains momentum

Note on the Unit Test

Multiple Choice and Short Answer
Be prepared to provide EVIDENCE
for short answers on the following
topics:
Isolation v. intervention
Causes and Effects of WWII

Homework
SFI Sheet
Study for Test