c
  
 


 
 

What is Motion Control?

Motion control can be applied in many categories such as robotics,

CNC operated machine tools and Kinematics, wherein motion
control in kinematics are usually simpler.
simpler. It can be mainly used
nowadays with packaging, textile, assembly industries, printing,
and semiconductor production.
production. The hardware of a motion controlled
machine usually consists of drive systems, motors, a computer, a
PLC or Programmable Logic Controller to run the programs, and an
amplifier..
amplifier

The basic design of a motion control system would include a motion

controller to produce a set of points including closing a position, a
drive or amplifier to convert the control signal of the motion
controller into a high power electrical current, an actuator, one or
more feedback sensors, and mechanical components to convert the
motion of the actuators to the desired motion.
motion.
CNC machines use programmable commands to make inputting
motion to the machine easier rather than using cranks or other
conventional machine tools.
tools. Almost all CNC machine tools can have
programmable motion type (whether it would be rapid, linear or
circular), the amount of motion, the feedback rate, and the axes to
move..
move

Motion control is the simplest function of any Computer Numerical

Control (CNC) machine
machine.. It is precise, consistent, and automatic
system of control.
control. CNC equipments need two or more modes of
direction to which they are called axes
axes.. There are two common axis
types and they are called linear and rotary.
rotary. The linear axis type of
motion control is driven along a straight path while the rotary axis
type is driven along a circular path.
path.

The operator of the motion controlled machine counting the

number of revolutions made on the handwheel, added the
generations of the dial would accomplish accurate positioning.
positioning. The
drive motor of the machine would be rotated to a resulting amount,
which would then drive the ball screw, which would cause the linear
motion of the axis.
axis. The feedback device at the end of the ball screw
would confirm its revolutions
revolutions..
The same linear motion can be found on a table vise.
vise. When you
rotate the vise crank, it would also rotate a lead screw, which
would then be able to drive the movable jaw in the table vise.
vise. In
comparison to a motor controlled CNC machine, the linear axis in
it is extremely precise compared to that of a table vise.
vise. This is
because the number of revolutions of the axis drive motor in the
CNC machine accurately controls the amount of linear motion
along the axis.
axis.

A CNC command programmed and executed within a control of a

machine would tell the drive motor of the machine as to how
many number of precise times it would rotate
rotate.. This in turn would
rotate the ball screw then the ball screw would drive the linear
axis.. After the process has started, a feedback device located at
axis
the end of the ball screw would confirm the programmed number
of rotations that the machine would run has taken in effect.
effect.
àow would axis motion be controlled?

Utilizing a form of coordinate system would make axis

controlling a whole lot simpler and more logical to the CNC
control.. Two coordinate systems that are being used in CNC
control
machines that have been popular are rectangular and polar
coordinate system, to which the more popular of the two is the
rectangular coordinate system.
system.

Graphing is a common application for the rectangular

coordinate system and is needed to cause movement in a CNC
machine..
machine