Les rseaux de capteurs

sans fil: Zigbee/IEEE

802.15.4
Dr. Sofiane ouni

Classification

802.15.4

Problmes de transmission
sans fil
Interfrence
Affaiblissement ou fading:

Attnuation simple selon les obstacles(mures) et distance

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/wcs/4.1/configuration/guide/wcsmaps.html

Distance:

Le bruit

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WSN application examples

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 Intelligent Wireless Firefighter System

(FIRE)
An overview of the FIRE system
presented at the 2006 WIRED
NextFest exhibition. The system
tracks the location and condition of
firefighters using miniature wireless
sensors. The project is co-developed
by UC Berkeley and Moteiv.
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Wireless Door (security)

DIY Home Security with the wireless
door & window sensors. Receive
email & cell phone alerts through
a custom web portal.

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 Wireless sensor networks are a key technology for a new generation

of environmental monitoring and management systems. A solarpowered wireless sensor network at the CSIRO ICT Centre in Brisbane
has had its second birthday, maintaining its position as the longest
running ad-hoc wireless sensor network in Australia.
The Brisbane network measures environmental variables such as
temperature, soil moisture, water quality, humidity and solar energy
levels. Charged by miniature solar panels, these sensor nodes can
exchange data to deliver it back to a central database for analysis.
CSIRO's Fleck wireless sensor network data is now advising
Queensland's Burdekin sugar cane farmers of ground water salinity,
thus saving water, time, money and crops.
The Fleck sensor module was developed because existing technology
did not meet requirements of having low power usage, low-cost,
reliable communications, robustness, small size and flexible
architecture.

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Health Care and Sports

Performance

Wireless sensor networks are being used to provide patient

information in health care applications, and to provide realtime performance feedback to athletes and coaches.
By enabling athletes, coaches and sports scientists to
access data and communicate more efficiently, we predict
that athlete performance can be improved.

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Sensor Networks in
Agriculture
The collars contain a wireless sensor node and other sensors for inertial
measurement and global positioning (GPS), as well as a power supply, radio
transceiver and low power microcontroller which stores the GPS data for the virtual
fencelines. If a cow approaches a virtual fence the collar emits a warning sound,and
ifit continues past the fence linethe cowreceives a tactile stimulus*.In trials cattle
quickly learn to react to the audio warning and stop before the virtual fence.

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 Our network is based on Crossbow Inc motes and sensorboards and

supported by their MoteWorks sensor network platform software. Our
sensors include soil moisture, soil and air temperature, canopy
temperature, humidity, leaf wetness, trunk diameter, wind speed and
direction, solar radiation and GPS co-ordinates.

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Sensor networks for farmers

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Wireless Perimeter Guard

http://www.bannerengineering.com/e
nUS/wireless/surecross_web_appnotes

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Motor Temperature Monitoring

The heat generated by failing motors

and bearings can be detected before
the devices shut down, minimizing
facility downtime and machine damage.
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Tracking vehicles with a sensor

network

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Sink

Task
Manager
User

Sensor Nodes

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Structuring WSN application

types

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Deployment options for

WSN

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Characteristic requirements for

WSNs

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Les applications des

rseaux de capteurs sans
fil

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Applications
monitors
sensors
automation
control

monitors
diagnostics
sensors

INDUSTRIAL &
COMMERCIAL

CONSUMER
ELECTRONICS

TV
VCR
DVD/CD
remote

ZigBee
PERSONAL
HEALTH CARE

consoles
portables
educational

LOW DATA-RATE
RADIO DEVICES

TOYS &
GAMES

HOME
AUTOMATION

PC &
PERIPHERALS

mouse
keyboard
joystick

security
HVAC
lighting
closures

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Stack Reference Model

End developer applications,
designed using application profiles
Application interface designed using
general profile
Topology management, MAC
management, routing, discovery
protocol, security management
Channel access, PAN maintenance,
reliable data transport
Transmission & reception on the
physical radio channel

ZA1

ZA2

ZAn

IA1

API

IAn

UDP
IP

ZigBee NWK

802.2 LLC
MAC (SSCS)

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC (CPS)

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY
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objets applicatifs peuvent tre : un interrupteur, une lampe,

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Zigbee

ZigBee est un protocole

permettant la
communication de petites
radios, consommation
rduite, base sur la norme
IEEE 802.15.4 pour les
rseaux dimension

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Comparatif zigbee,
Protocole
Zigbeeet WiFi
Bluetooth
bluetooth
Bande de
2.4GHz
frquence

Wi-Fi

2.4GHz

2.4GHz

IEEE

802.15.4

802.15.1

802.11a/b
/g

Besoins
mmoire

4-32 K0

> 250 K0

> 1 M0

Autonomi
e avec
pile

Annes

Jours

Heures

Nombre de
nuds

> 65000

32

Vitesse de
transfert

250 Kb/s

1 Mb/s

11-54-108
Mb/s

Porte

100 m

10-100 m

300 m

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Data Frame format

One of two most basic and important structures in 15.4

Provides up to 104 byte data payload capacity
Data sequence numbering to ensure that all packets are tracked
Robust frame structure improves reception in difficult conditions
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) ensures that packets received are
without error
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rseau ZigBee, comment a marche

Il peut y avoir trois types
dobjets dans un rseau
ZigBee :
un objet end-device : cest
un objet simple du rseau qui a
sa propre fonctionnalit

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un routeur (FFD) : cest un objet

un peu plus fut quun simple
objet, puisquil est capable, en plus
de grer sa propre fonctionnalit,
de transmettre un message reu
un autre objet, si ce dernier est,
par exemple, trop loin pour tre
directement contact par
lmetteur du message. Tout
comme les objets de type enddevice, il peut y avoir plusieurs
routeurs dans le rseau, mais la

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un coordinateur : cest le
chef dorchestre du rseau
sans qui rien ne serait possible
sur le rseau. Comme dans un
orchestre il ne peut y en avoir
quun. Il est au courant de
tous les objets qui composent
le rseau. Il est lui aussi un
objet du rseau et a dailleurs
la fonctionnalit de routage.
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Lorsquun objet est mis sous tension, il

recherche un coordinateur avec lequel
il va sappairer.

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Un rseau ZigBee peut tre maill

(mesh network) et/ou en toile.
Dans un rseau maill, tous les
composants peuvent parler
directement entre eux (cest ici le cas
pour les routeurs, dont fait partie le
coordinateur), pour peu quil ny ait
pas un loignement trop grand ou
des obstacles diminuant la porte.
Dans un rseau en toile, les
composants doivent passer par un
lment central, cest le cas pour les

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Topology Models
Mesh
Star
Cluster Tree
PAN coordinator
Full Function Device
Reduced Function Device

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Non-Beacon vs Beacon
Modes

Non-Beacon Mode

A simple, traditional multiple access system used in simple peer

and near-peer networks

Beacon Mode
A very powerful mechanism for controlling power consumption in
extended networks like cluster tree or mesh

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