ME-230 Fluid

Mechanics-I
Muhammad Adnan Hanif
M.Sc Mechanical Engineering (Structural
Mechanics)

5 Finite Control Volume Analysis

The bases of finite control volume analysis are some

fundamental laws of physics, namely, conservation of

mass, Newtons second law of motion, and the first and
second laws of thermodynamics.
Conservation of mass is the key to tracking flowing fluid.
Newtons second law of motion leads to the conclusion
that forces can result from or cause changes in a flowing
fluids velocity magnitude and/or direction.
The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of
conservation
of
energy.
The
second
law
of
thermodynamics identifies the loss of energy associated
with every actual process.

5.1 Conservation of MassThe

Continuity Equation
Eq. 5.5 states that to conserve mass the time rate of change of the mass of the contents

of the control volume plus the net rate of mass flow through the control surface must
equal zero.
mass flowrate, through a section of control surface having area A is

the control volume expression for conservation of mass 1the continuity equation2 for a

moving, non-deforming control volume is

Problem 5.6
Water

flows
out
through a set of thin,
closely
spaced
blades as shown in
Fig. 5.6 with a speed
of V=10ft/s around
the
entire
circumference of the
outlet. Determine the
mass
flowrate
through
the
inlet
pipe.

Solution

Problem 5.9

Solution

Problem 5.18

Solution

5.2 Newtons Second LawThe Linear

Momentum and Moment-of-Momentum
Equations
Linear Momentum Equation

Equation 5.21 states that the time rate of change of system linear momentum is

expressed as the sum of the two control volume quantities: the time rate of change of
the linear momentum of the contents of the control volume, and the net rate of linear
momentum flow through the control surface.
For a control volume that is fixed (and thus inertial) and non-deforming, an appropriate
mathematical statement of Newtons second law of motion is

Eq. 5.22 is called the linear momentum equation.

Example 5.10

Solution:

Solution:

Solution:

Example 5.11

Problem 5.41

Solution

Solution

5.2 Newtons Second LawThe Linear

Momentum and Moment-of-Momentum
Equations
Moment of Momentum Equation
For a control volume that is fixed and non-deforming the

moment-of-momentum equation is

An important category of fluid mechanical problems that is

readily solved with the help of the moment-of-momentum

equation Eq. 5.42 involves machines that rotate or tend to
rotate around a single axis. Examples of these machines
include rotary lawn sprinklers, ceiling fans, lawn mower
blades, wind turbines, turbochargers, and gas turbine engines.
As a class, these devices are often called turbomachines.