Rotational Motion

Angular Quantities

Angular speed()

 All points in a rigid object rotate with the

same angular velocity, since every
position in the object moves through the
same angle in the same time interval.

 The period T is the time required to

travel once around the circle.
The frequency f is the number of turns
in one second on a circle.
T=1/f

 the frequency f, the number of

revolutions per second.
The period T of an object revolving in a
circle is the time required for one
complete revolution.
Period and frequency are related by

Angular acceleration()

Example 1
Bike wheel. A bike wheel rotates 4.5
revolutions.
How many radians has it rotated?

Example 2
A centrifuge rotor is accelerated for 30 s from
rest to 20,000 rpm (revolutions per minute).
(a) What is its angular acceleration?
(b) Through how many revolutions has the
centrifuge rotor turned during its acceleration
period?

Which part of the wheel is more

blurred?

You revolve a ball around you in a horizontal circle at constant speed

on a string, as shown here from above. Which path will the ball
follow if you let go of the string when the ball is at point P?

 An object moves in a straight line if the net

force on it acts along the direction of motion, or
the net force is zero.
If the net force acts at an angle to the direction
of motion at any moment, then the object
moves in a curved path.
An example of the latter is projectile motion

 Another important case is that of an

object moving in a circle, such as a ball at
the
end of a string being swung in a circle
above ones head,
or the nearly circular motion of the Moon
about the Earth.

Uniform Circular Motion

An object that moves in a circle at constant speed v is said to

experience
uniform circular motion.
The magnitude of the velocity remains constant in this case, but
the direction of the velocity continuously changes as the object
moves around the circle.

 Because acceleration is defined as the

rate of change of velocity, a change in
direction of velocity is an acceleration,
just as a change in
its magnitude is.
Thus, an object revolving in a circle is
continuously accelerating,even when the
speed remains constant

an object moving in a circle of radius r at

constant speed v has an acceleration
whose direction is toward the center of the
circle.

[radial (centripetal) acceleration

 Circular motion is often described in

terms of the frequency f, the number of
revolutions per second.
The period T of an object revolving in a
circle is the time required for one
complete revolution.
Period and frequency are related by

Example1
A 150-g ball at the end of a string is
revolving uniformly in a horizontal circle
of radius 0.6 m, as in Fig. The ball makes
2 revolutions in a second. What is its
centripetal acceleration?

Example 2
Moons centripetal acceleration.
The Moons nearly circular orbit around the
Earth has a radius of about 384,000 km
and a period T of 27.3 days. Determine the
acceleration of the Moon toward the Earth.