Mobile Suggested any radio transmitter,

receiver, or transceiver that could be

moved while in operation
Portable describe a relatively small radio
transceiver that was handheld, battery
powered, and carried by a person
traveling at walking speed
Mobile Telephone any radio telephone
that is capable of operating while moving
at any speed, battery operated and small
enough to be easily carried by a person

1864: James Clerk Maxwell proved the

existence of electromagnetic waves
1887: Heinrich Hertz sent and received
wireless waves, using a spark transmitter
and a resonator receiver.
1895: Guglielmo Marconi sent morese radio
signals over more than a mile.

1901: Marconi received the morse message

"s" (...) sent across the Atlantic.
1904: J.A. Fleming patented the diode.
1906: Lee DeForest patented the triode
amplifier. First speech wireless transmission,
by Fessenden.

1907: Commercial Trans-Atlantic Wireless

Service, using huge ground stations: 30 x
100m antenna masts
Beginning of the end for cable-based
telegraphy.
WW I: Rapid development of
communications intelligence, intercept
technology, cryptography.

1915: Wireless voice transmission NY to SF.

1920: Marconi discovers short wave radio,
with wavelengths between 10 and 100
meters.

1921- Detroit Police department used a

mobile radio system that operated at a
frequency close to 2 MHz
1930: BBC began television experiments.
1935: First telephone call around the world.
1940(late) - The first half-duplex, push to
talk FM mobile telephone system
introduced. 120 kHz BW
1946 Analog Mobile Telephone Services in
the United States were first introduced
-> The first official cell phone was used by
the Swedish police

1947- Hexagonal cells were created for cell

phones by DH Ring
1950(early) FCC doubled the number of
Mobile telephone channels by reducing the
bandwidth. 60 kHz
1954- Cooper, came to Motorola full of new
propositions

1960 AT&T introduce direct-dialing, full

duplex service with other performance
enhancement
Amos Edward Joel- discovered and
developed what he called the handoff
system
1967- Cooper department created the first
handheld radio to Chicago police
department

1968 Proposed the concept of a cellular

mobile system to the FCC
1968: Carterphone decision
1970(mid) cellular mobile telephone
system were developed and miniature
integrated circuits. 30 kHz
1974 FCC allocated an additional 40 MHz
of BW for cellular radio service (825-845
MHz and 870-890MHz)

1975 - FCC granted AT&T the first license to

operate a developmental cellular radio
service in Chicago
1981- FCC approved a licensing scheme for
cellular radio market
1982: EuropeanGSMand Inmarsat
established.
1983 FCC allocated 666, 30 kHz half duplex
mobile telephone channels to AT&T to form
the first US cellular telephone system called
Advanced Mobile Phone System

1991- the first digital cellular service were

introduced
1998 - Introduced 3G
2007 first use of Wimax in South Korea
2009 first release of LTE in Norway and
Sweden

use of multiple cell sites, and the ability

totransfer calls from one site to the nextas
the user traveled between cells during a
conversation
The first commercially automated cellular
network (the1G generation) was launched
in Japan byNTT in 1979

The second launch of 1G networks was the

simultaneous launch of theNordic Mobile
Telephone(NMT) system In Denmark, Finland,
NorwayandSweden in 1981
-featuring international roaming
The first 1G network launched in the USA was
Chicago based Ameritech in 1983 using the
famous first hand-held mobile phoneMotorola
DynaTAC
The first NMT installations as well as the First
AMPS installations were based on
theEricssonAXEdigital exchange nodes.

use of digital transmission instead of analog

transmission, and also by the introduction
of advanced and fast phone-to-network
signaling.
The rise in mobile phone usage as a result
of 2G was explosive and this era also saw
theadventofprepaid mobile phones

In1991the first GSM network (Radiolinja) opened

inFinland
In America theIS-54 standard was deployed in
the same band asAMPSand displaced some of
the existing analog channels.
The second generation introduced a new variant
to communication, asSMStext messaging
became possible
The first machine-generated SMS message was
sent in the UK on 3 December 1992.
The first person-to-person SMS text message was
sent in Finland in 1993

The first data services appeared on mobile

phones starting with person-to-person
SMS text messaging in Finland in 1993.
First trial payments using a mobile phone
to pay for a Coca Cola vending machine
were set in Finland in 1998
The first commercial payments were
mobile parking trialed in Sweden but first
commercially launched in Norway in 1999.

The first commercial payment system to

mimic banks and credit cards was
launched in the Philippines in 1999
simultaneously by mobile operators Globe
and Smart
The first content sold to mobile phones
was the ringing tone, first launched in
1998 in Finland.
The first full internet service on mobile
phones was introduced by NTT DoCoMo in
Japan in 1999.

The main technological difference that

distinguishes 3G technology from 2G
technology is the use ofpacket
switchingrather thancircuit switchingfor
data transmission
In addition, the standardization process
focused on requirements more than
technology (2 Mbit/s maximum data rate
indoors, 384 kbit/s outdoors, for example).

The first pre-commercial trial network with

3G was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan
in the Tokyo region in May 2001.
NTT DoCoMo launched the first
commercial 3G network on October 1,
2001, using the WCDMA technology.
In 2002 the first 3G networks on the rival
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO technology were
launched by SK Telecom and KTF in South
Korea, and Monet in the USA

During the development of3Gsystems,2.5G

systems such asCDMA2000 1xandGPRSwere
developed as extensions to existing 2G networks.
In the mid 2000s an evolution of 3G technology
begun to be implemented, namelyHigh-Speed
Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA).
It is an enhanced3G(third generation)mobile
telephony communications protocolin theHighSpeed Packet Access (HSPA) family, also coined
3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G, which allows networks
based onUniversal Mobile Telecommunications
System UMTS) to have higher data transfer
speeds and capacity

Although mobile phones had long had the

ability to access data networks such as
theInternet, it was not until the widespread
availability of good quality3Gcoverage in
the mid 2000s that specialised devices
appeared to access themobile internet.

The first such devices, known as

"dongles", plugged directly into a
computer through theUSBport
Another new class of device appeared
subsequently, the so-called "compact
wireless router" such as theNovatelMiFi,
which makes 3G internet connectivity
available to multiple computers
simultaneously overWi-Fi, rather than just
to a single computer via a USB plug-in.

Fourth Generation
Consequently, the industry began looking
to data-optimized 4th-generation
technologies, with the promise of speed
improvements up to 10-fold over existing
3G technologies.
The first two commercially available
technologies billed as 4G were
theWiMAXstandard (offered in the U.S.
bySprint) and theLTEstandard, first
offered in Scandinavia byTeliaSonera.

One of the main ways in which 4G differed

technologically from 3G was in its
elimination ofcircuit switching, instead
employing an all-IP network

Evolution of Wireless
Communications System
Global Perspective

Philippine Scenario

Global Perspective

Generation

Technologies

Motivating
Factor

1G

2G

AMPS
TACS
NMT

TDMA
GSM

GPRS
EDGE

CDMA
IS-95A

CDMA
IS-95B

Roaming
Mobility

Time

2.5G

Capacity/
Quality

Medium
Data
Speed

3G

WCDMA
CDMA2000

More
Capacity
Higher
Data Speed

Philippine Scenario
A

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

islacom

96

97

TDMA
C

98

99

00

01

3G

2003

2006

Migration Path
CDMA2000 x1EV
Data Only 2.4 Mbps

CDMA
IS-95A
14.4K

IS-95B

CDMA2000 1x

64K

384K

EDGE
GSM

GPRS
384K

9.6K

Data Only 115K

WCDMA

2Mbps

1995

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004