MODULE 18

Materials Handling

Materials Handling on Oil and

Gas Sites
What materials are handled?
What machines are used to handle
them?
What precautions are taken to avoid
accidents and injuries?

2006 TEEX

Regulations

29 CFR 1910 Subpart N

29 CFR 1926 Subparts H and N
API RP 54, 4G, 9B
ANSI B56.6 for forklifts
Crane standards for derricks?
RP 54 and general duty clause
Look at application for each crane standard

2006 TEEX

29 CFR 1910 SUBPART N

Materials Handling and Storage

Organization of Subpart N
1910.176 - Handling materials - general
1910.177 - Servicing multi-piece and single piece rim
wheels
1910.178 - Powered industrial trucks
1910.178 App A Stability of powered industrial
trucks (non-mandatory)
1910.179 - Overhead and gantry cranes
1910.180 - Crawler locomotive and truck cranes
1910.181 - Derricks
1910.183 - Helicopters
1910.184 - Slings
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1910.176 Handling materials general

Mechanical equipment: safe
clearances; permanent passageways
marked
Housekeeping avoid tripping, fire,
explosion, or pest harborage hazards
Covers or guardrails for open pits,
tanks, vats, ditches
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2006 TEEX

1910.176 Handling materials general

Storage must not create a hazard:
Stable/secure against sliding or
collapse

2006 TEEX

1910.177 Servicing multi-piece

and single-piece rim wheels
Applies to large vehicles; not pickups,
automobiles, or vans
Training
Tire servicing equipment
Wheel component acceptability
Safe operating procedures

2006 TEEX

29 CFR 1910.178

Powered Industrial Trucks

1910.178 Powered industrial

trucks
Contains safety requirements relating to:
Fire protection
Design
Maintenance
Use of fork trucks, tractors, platform lift
trucks, motorized hand trucks, and other
specialized industrial trucks powered by
electric motors or internal combustion
engines
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1910.178 Powered industrial

trucks
ANSI B56.1 1969
Marking indicating approval by testing
laboratory
No modifications that affect capacity and
safe operation without manufacturers
prior written approval
Front-end attachments identified
Markings maintained legible
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1910.178(b) and (c)

Designations for industrial trucks by fuel
and safeguards against ignition source
Designated locations where specific
types of trucks may be used
Table N-1

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2006 TEEX

1910.178(e) Safety guards

Overhead guards for
High Lift Rider trucks if
operations permit
Vertical load backrest
extension for types of
loads that present
hazards

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1910.178(f) Fuel handling and

storage
Storing and handling
of liquid fuels:
Follow NFPA No.
30-1969
Storing and handling
of LPG fuel: Follow
NFPA No. 58-1969

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2006 TEEX

1910.178(g) Changing and

charging storage batteries
Battery charging installations located in areas
designated for that purpose
Facilities provided for
Flushing and neutralizing spilled electrolyte,
For fire protection,
For protecting charging apparatus from damage
by trucks, and
For adequate ventilation for dispersal of fumes
from gassing batteries
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2006 TEEX

1910.178(g) Changing and

charging storage batteries
Conveyor, overhead
hoist, or equivalent
provided for
handling batteries
Reinstalled batteries
properly positioned
and secured in the
truck

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2006 TEEX

1910.178(g) Changing and

charging storage batteries
When charging
batteries, acid poured
into water; not water
poured into acid
Trucks properly
positioned and brake
applied before
attempting to change or
charge batteries
Care taken to assure
that vent caps are
functioning
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2006 TEEX

1910.178(g) Changing and

charging storage batteries
Smoking prohibited in the charging area
Precautions taken to prevent open
flames, sparks, or electric arcs in
battery charging areas
Tools and metallic
DANGER
DANGER
objects kept away
No smoking
from the tops of
sparks or
batteries

open flames

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2006 TEEX

1910.178(h) and (i)

Auxiliary directional lighting on truck if
lighting <2 lumens per square foot
Control carbon monoxide to levels in
1910.1000

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1910.178(k) Trucks and railroad

cars
Brakes set and wheel chocks placed for
highway trucks boarded with powered
industrial trucks
Positive protection to keep
train cars from moving
while loading or with
dockboards/bridge plates
Fixed jacks for uncoupled semitrailer
during loading
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2006 TEEX

1910.178(l) Operator training

Ensure that before employee operates a
powered industrial truck, operator has
completed training and evaluation
successfully
Trainees may operate a powered industrial
truck only:
Under direct supervision of persons with the
knowledge, training, and experience to train
operators and evaluate their competence; and
Where such operation does not endanger the
trainee or other employees.
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1910.178(l) Operator training

Required:
Lecture or other formal instruction
(computer, video tape, written)
Practical training (demonstrations and
exercises)
Evaluation by trainer of operator
performance in workplace

Refresher training required after certain

conditions in (4)
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2006 TEEX

1910.178(l)(3) Training program

content
Truck-related training topics:
Operating instructions, warnings, and precautions
Differences between the truck and the automobile
Truck controls and instrumentation:
where they are located
what they do
how they work

Engine or motor operation

Steering and maneuvering
Fork and attachment adaptation
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2006 TEEX

1910.178(l)(3) Training program

content
Truck-related training topics:
Vehicle capacity
Vehicle stability
Any vehicle inspection and maintenance that the
operator will be required to perform
Refueling and/or charging and recharging of
batteries
Operating limitations
Operating instructions, warnings, or precautions
listed in the operator's manual
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2006 TEEX

1910.178(l)(3) Training program

content
Workplace-related topics:
Surface conditions
Composition of loads and load stability
Load manipulation, stacking, and
unstacking
Pedestrian traffic in areas where the
vehicle will be operated
Ramps and other sloped surfaces that
could affect the vehicle's stability
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2006 TEEX

1910.178(l) Certification
The certification shall include:

Name of the operator;

Date of the training;
Date of the evaluation, and;
Identity of the person(s)
performing the training or evaluation

Previous training does not need to be

repeated if operator can operate safely
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2006 TEEX

1910.178(m) Truck operations

Trucks never driven up to anyone standing in
front of a bench or other fixed object
No one allowed to stand or pass under the
elevated portion of any truck,
whether loaded or empty
Unauthorized personnel not permitted to ride
on powered industrial trucks
A safe place to ride provided where riding of
trucks is authorized
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2006 TEEX

1910.178(m) Truck operations

Prohibit arms or legs from being placed
between the uprights of the mast or
outside the running lines of the truck
When truck left unattended (25 ft. away
or out of view):

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load engaging means fully lowered

controls neutralized
power shall be shut off
brakes set
2006 TEEX

1910.178(m) Truck operations

Maintain safe distance from edges of
ramps or platforms while on any
elevated location
Never use trucks to open or close
freight doors
Trucks, trailers, and railroad cars:
Immobilize vehicles and check floors for
breaks and weakness before driving on
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2006 TEEX

1910.178(m) Truck operations

Overhead guard as
protection against falling
objects
Intended to offer protection
from the impact of small
packages, boxes, bagged
material, etc.
Not intended to withstand the
impact of a falling capacity
load
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2006 TEEX

1910.178(n) Traveling
Follow all traffic regulations, including
authorized speed limits
Maintain safe distance approximately
three truck lengths from the truck ahead
Keep truck under control at all times
Three truck lengths
minimum
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2006 TEEX

1910.178(n) Traveling
Never pass other trucks traveling in the
same direction at intersections, blind
spots, or other dangerous locations
Slow down and sound horn at cross
aisles and other locations where vision
is obstructed
If the load being carried obstructs
forward view, travel with the load trailing
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2006 TEEX

1910.178(n) Traveling
Ascending or descending
grades >10%: drive
loaded trucks with the
load upgrade
On all grades the load
and load engaging
means tilted back if
applicable, and raised
only as far as necessary
to clear the road surface
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2006 TEEX

29 CFR 1910.179

Overhead and Gantry Cranes

1910.179(b) General
Requirements
Application: cranes with
trolleys and other
characteristics similar to
gantry cranes
ANSI B30.2.0-1967
Rated load marking on
each side and legible
from the floor
Operated by designated
personnel only
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2006 TEEX

Organization of Standard
c. Cabs access, controls, location
d. Footwalks and ladders location,
construction, walking/working surfaces
e. Stops, bumpers, rail sweeps, and
guards
f. Brakes
g. Electric equipment, including
controllers
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2006 TEEX

Organization of Standard
h. Hoisting equipment sheaves, ropes,
equalizers, hooks
i. Warning device
j. Inspection frequent and periodic
k. Testing operational and load
l. Maintenance
m. Rope inspection
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2006 TEEX

Organization of Standard
n. Handling the load
1.
2.
3.
4.

Size
Attaching the load
Moving the load
Hoist limit switch

o. Other requirements ladders, cabs,

fire extinguishers
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2006 TEEX

29 CFR 1910.180

Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck

Cranes

1910.180(b) General
Requirements
Application:
Crawler cranes, locomotive cranes, wheel
mounted cranes, used as lifting cranes
Both truck and self-propelled wheel type
Powered by internal combustion engines or
electric motors
Utilize drums and ropes

ANSI B30.5-1968
Operated by designated personnel only
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2006 TEEX

Organization of Standard
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
41

Load ratings
Inspection classification
Testing
Maintenance procedure General
Rope inspection
Handling the load
Other requirements
Operations near overhead lines
2006 TEEX

29 CFR 1910.181

Derricks

1910.181(b) General
Requirements
Application:
any modification of these types which
retain their fundamental features, except
for floating derricks

ANSI B30.6-1969
Operated by designated personnel only

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2006 TEEX

Organization of Standard
c. Load ratings permanent and
nonpermanent
d. Inspection
e. Testing
f. Maintenance
g. Rope inspection
h. Operations of derricks
i. Handling the load
j. Other requirements
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2006 TEEX

29 CFR 1910.184

Slings

Application
Used for hoisting of material

Alloy steel chain

Wire rope
Metal mesh
Natural or synthetic fiber rope
Synthetic web

Illustrations in (b)
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(c) Safe operating practices

1. Never use damaged / defective slings
2. Never shorten slings with makeshift
devices
3. Never use kinked sling legs
4. Never load slings in excess of rated
capacities
5. Balance loads in basket hitches to
prevent slippage.
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2006 TEEX

(c) Safe operating practices

6. Attach slings securely to loads.
7. Pad / protect slings from sharp edges.
8. Keep suspended loads clear of
obstructions
9. Keep employees clear of loads to be
lifted and suspended loads.

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2006 TEEX

(c) Safe operating practices

10. Never place hands or fingers between
sling and load while sling is being
tightened.
11. Shock loading is prohibited take up
the slack in the sling slowly.
12. Never pull a sling out from under a
load while the load rests on it.
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2006 TEEX

Organization of Standard
c. Inspections each day before use
and during use
d. Alloy steel chain slings
e. Wire rope slings
f. Metal mesh slings

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2006 TEEX

29 CFR 1926 Subparts H and N

Construction Standards

Applicability of Construction
Standards in 29 CFR 1926
Subpart H: Materials Handling, Storage,
Use, and Disposal
Subpart N: Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,
Elevators, and Conveyors
Do construction standards apply:
To a derrick during drilling operations?
To a crane setting up equipment at a site?
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2006 TEEX

API RP 54, RP4G, RP9B

Hazards & Standards for Oil & Gas