MOTILAL NEHRU NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ALLAHABAD

ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF ROAD INTERSECTIONS OF ALLAHABAD CITY

Under Guidance of:

MEMBERS:
Jitendra Kumar (20121044)
Harshita Srivastava (20120005)
Sanchit Gupta (20121012)
Ankit (20121074)

Introduction
Analysis refers to the detailed examination of
something, while design means to build it from
scratch. This project Analysis and Design of
intersection of Allahabad city focuses on
the same. With a growing city like Allahabad,
traffic flow pattern is likely to switch over
time. This change often increases traffic
density, conflicting lines, pressure on road
network, accidents. In turn resulting in an
inefficient transportation model. This calls
for a need for timely evaluation of traffic
characteristics, analysis of different existing
intersections and designing new ones and
improvising them wherever needed. For the
same reasons we have focused this project
around a civil lines area on addition to

Mazar chauraha and Yamuna gate

intersection of the city, by analysing the
present traffic condition and suggesting
improvement wherever needed.

Objective
1) Identification of different type of intersection on the basis of
approaching roads and road types.
2) Analysis of intersection on the basis of non traffic flow parameters. Sight
distance,
Points of traffic conflicts, Signal time (if pre-timed), etc.
3)A detailed study of Mazar Intersection . Usage of different softwares like
SketchPro , Autocad , Arc GIS for comparative study of most suitable method for road
analysis.
4) Analysis of traffic flow
Through IRC approach (IRC-SP-41 )
Through Probabilistic approach and its comparison with IRC approach.
5) Analysis of intersection on the basis of traffic flow. Signal time design,
Design of rotary and No. of lanes.
6) Proposal of Changes

Literature Review
1.General :

The intersections are important elements of road and at-grade intersections are very
common on Indian roads. The task of preparation of Guidelines for the Design of At-Grade
Intersections was completed by the Traffic Engg. Committee in form of special guidelines
SP 41:1994 under the IRC publication.
Initial framework of design was derived from td 42/95 (U.K. Practice) in form of a left hande
system. Apart from this other IRC publications are also listed to be used with it. Many of
which were redesigned, and accordingly a new code of practice is to be followed, as per
the document D.O. No. K-14011/21/2012-UT-IV(Pt.) Dated 9th October 2013.

2. SCOPE
These guidelines are intended to assist those who are required to design or improve at-grade
intersections in rural and urban areas. It takes into account the mixed and heterogeneous
s traffic conditions prevailing in India
3. DESIGN ELEMENTS
Safe and efficient design of an intersection depends on various characteristics which can
be classified as follows:

3.1. SIGHT DISTANCE

Sight distance is defined as the minimum safe distance required for a vehicle to take
appropriate action while driving at design speed. It is checked in two ways:
overall visibility of intersection layout
overall visibility of sight triangles
Theory of sight triangle is discussed in length in further section.

3.2. ANGLE OF INTERSECTION

Intersections are preferred to be meeting at a 90 angle. However a deviation of 60
to 120 is also accepted.

3.3. APPROACHING LANES

Several characteristics of approaching roads are taken in consideration:
Number of lanes
Lane width
Median width
Approach gradient

3.4. TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS

Traffic characteristics or traffic flow parameters include primarily following data:
Traffic Volume
Traffic Mix
Approach speed

3.5. OTHER INFORMATION

This includes information like:
Pedestrian traffic
Type of intersection
Accident reports
SP 041-1994 states that before work on any project a layout of that intersection must be prepared on a
scale of 1:500, clearly marking all associated important features.

Selection of
site

Project Outline

IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION

FIELD SURVEY

TRAFFIC FLOW PARAMETER

NON TRAFFIC FLOW PARAMETER

YES

NO
FAILING

NO

REDESIGN
POSSIBLE

YES

PROVIDE
ALTERNATE
SOLUTION

YES

REDESIGN

ECONOMICAL

SUMMARISE

Detail of work carried out

The following map represents the road network diagram of Civil lines
area, Allahabad city, along with major intersections.

1
1
7

1
6

18
20

M G Ro
ad

Marg
5

Gandhi

25

28

Elgin R
oad

Marg

27

10

Sapru Ro
ad

Kasturb
a

Tashkand

19

Patrika
Marg

Sardar P
atel Marg

1
3

Cooper R
oad

Tej Bahad
ur
22

1
2
1
1

n Marg
PD Tando
Thorn hill
Road

15

14

Numbe
r

Latitude

Longitude

Shape

Multi2527'39.30 8150'31.10 leg

"N
"E
Cross
2
2527'33.09 8150'30.52
"N
"E
Cross
6
2527'17.70 8150'28.24
"N
"E
Cross
7
2527'8.42" 8150'26.93
N
"E
Cross
8
2526'58.81 8150'25.36
"N
"E
Legend:
Arterial
Sub arterial
Cross
11
Intersection
Number
2527'0.90"
8150'4.20"
Rotary E
N

10

intersection

Classification

Space-time separated

Uncategorised

Prioritized

Time separated

Space-time separated

Collector separated
Local
Space-time
M G Road
Name of Road
Signalized
Time separated

Mayhall
Intersection

Arterial

80

18.59

2694.9
13.87
48

Collector

50

11.87

23.46

2811.8
26

Collector

50

9.75

8.33

2524.2
42

60

14.45

0.29

467.74
19

60

15.16

4
5

sub
arterial
sub
arterial

Part of field data of Mazaar Chauraha

R.L. (m)

Upper hair Lower hair Horizontal

(m)
(m)
angle ()

Distance
D(m)

- X (m)

Y (m)

2.590

2.790

2.390

-288.9

40.00

12.96

37.84

2.370

2.465

2.275

-289.8

19.00

06.44

17.87

2.315

2.375

2.255

-302.9

12.00

06.52

10.07

2.290

2.370

2.210

-327.7

16.00

13.52

08.55

2.520

2.870

2.170

-353.2

70.00

69.51

08.29

In order to obtain the layout of the intersection for further calculation data was collected from
a known point, where instrument is kept, upper, middle and lower stadia readings are noted
along with the horizontal angle and tabulated.
These are the calculation that follows;
Horizontal distance (D) = K*s + C
(C=0 & K=100 here)
s = upper hair reading lower hair reading
Relative north position (Y) = D*sin
Relative east position (X) = D*cos

This data was used in AutoCAD for preparation of the field map of the area. This method despite
being time consuming is conventional and a good practice.

S.No.

Name

Shivkuti Rd.

NH 9

Master Zahurul Hasan

Rd./NH9

Direction

N-E

S-W

S-E

No. of lanes

Width

11.05

15.03

18.16

6.39

Median

No

No

No

No

Road Type

Collector

Arterial

Arterial

Collector

Autocad drawing of Mazar intersection

4
Cant Rd.

Arc Map of Mazar Intersection

Sketch Pro Model of Mazar

Intersection

GPS Hand held

model of Mazar

Detail of work carried out for

traffic volume Analysis
The following signal characteristics were obtained;

Among the grid of traffic signals, no two signals are more than 1km
apart. Farthest being 963m.

Coordinated operation in traffic signal with interconnected controller

was not found.

Maximum cycle difference = 29 sec

Minimum cycle difference = 18 sec

Between two inter connected

cycles

The following traffic flow characteristics were obtained;

Video recording for different days and different time was performed at
Yamuna Gate intersection and Mazaar Chauraha.

Traffic flow count of brief duration of both places was done and
tabulated.

Results obtained till date

Following properties in road type study were obtained.
Type

Arterial

Sub arterial

Collector

Local

No. Of Roads

Following properties in
intersection study were
obtained.
No. of intersection
30
taken

Following properties in signal

timing were obtained.
Signal Type

pre-timed

No. of major
intersection

10

Dependent
Signals

No. of signalised
intersection

Independent
Signals

No. of rotaries

No. of space time

separated intersection

type of
vehicle

1_2

1_3

14

21

23

24

31

32

34

41

42

43

PCU VALUES
motorcycle

35.5

50.5

20.5

48

12

5.5

22

bicycle

32

4.5

44

8.5

12.5

20

0.5

12.5

rickshaw

1.5

1.5

1.5

auto

25

22

car

20

16

animal cart
luv

4
3

truck
bus

21

18

PCU count
Values of Mazar
Intersection

Proposed Changes and Conclusion

After detailed analysis of various road intersections majorly Mazaar following
points canbe concluded :
1. One of the major operation requirement of a road intersection is
intervisibility of objects at right angled intersections as all the
intersections had obstruction lying inside the sight triangle thus these
intersections fail in the adequacy test.
2. According to the report provided by the Traffic headquarters Allahabad ,
mazar and Yamuna gate intersections are very prone to accidents. This
fact became evident with the measurement of the diversion angle which
comes out to be less than 60 degrees
3. Mehual Intersection is signallised thus the presence of rotary at this
intersection finds no relevance and creates uneccessary delay , reduces
road capacity and decreases overall efficiency of the road. This further
defines the futility of rotary and we suggest its removal . If something has

4. At Mehual intersection , the two diverging roads which have been separated b
a petrol pump can be merged as we observed a large vacant area behind whic
comes under government .So there would not be any enchroachment issues
and road can be made wider. This change in the road will enhance the road
capacity to a very great extent as the road width will be increased to 20m

5. At Yamuna gate the two legged road angle comes out to be 30 degree and the
object height at the intersection point is 12m which obstructs the line of sight o
the observer causing accidents. This needs to be constructed again so as the
object does not lie inside the sight triangle.

Thank You for your time.