Chapter 6 Module Algebraic Expressions III

UNGKAPAN ALGEBRA I
UNGKAPAN ALGEBRA II
.
02/20/16
UNGKAPAN ALGEBRA III
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Permudahkan ungkapan
algebra yang berikut
a.) 2g 5a + 3g
= 2g + 3g 5a
= 5g 5a
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Sebutan serupa
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Sebutan tak
serupa
b.) w + 2u 5w 3u
= w 5w + 2u 3u
= - 4w
u
c.) 5h + 1 + h + 9
= 5h + h + 1 + 9
= 6h + 10
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CUBA
1.)7X 3Y 2X 2Y
= 7X 2X 3Y 2Y
= 5X 5Y
2.) 3a 2b + 5a 6b
= 3a + 5a 2b 6b
= 8a 8b
YEH..BERJAYA
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a.) 2 ( - 3b )
= 2 X -3b
=-6b
b.) 2a ( - 4b )
= - 2a X -4b
= 8 ab
c.) 3 a ( 3 b )
= 3a X 3b
= 9 ab
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d.) 4 c ( 3 c )
= - 4 c X 3c
= - 12 c
5
Try u best
1.) 5 ( - 4 w )
= - 20 w
3.) 4w ( - 3 w )
= - 12 w
2.) 8b ( 3c )
= 24 bc
3.) - 5a ( - 2 a )
= 10 a
YEH..BERJAYA
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BAB 6
4
1
7y
3x 15
3
(3x + 2)(5x
1)
Ungkapan Algebra III
6.1Memahami dan menggunakan konsep kembangan

6.2 Memahami dan menggunakan konsep pemfaktoran
ungkapan algebra untuk menyelesaikan masalah.
6.3 Melakukan penambahan dan penolakan ke atas
pecahan algebra.
6.4Melakukan pendaraban dan pembahagian ke atas

pecahan algebra.
x y
x+y
2
)
y
5
+
- (x
)
y
3
8x +
(
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X 2 + 1 2x + 8
2x 5y
3 6
6.1 Kembangan Ungkapan Algebra

Kembangan ialah pendaraban
a.) satu ungkapan algebra dalam tanda kurung
dengan satu sebutan algebra atau satu nombor
Contoh :
Kembangkan setiap yang berikut.
a) -3x ( 3x 4y)
= - 9x2 + 12xy
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Mendarab setiap sebutan

dalam tanda kurung dengan
nombor atau sebutan di luar
tanda kurung.
a) - 3 ( 3x 4y)
= - 9x + 12y
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Contoh :
3x X 3x a) 3x ( 3x 4y)
= 9x
3x
- 4y
3x
- 12xy
9 x
3x X - 4y
= - 12xy
a) 3x ( 3x 4y) = 9x - 12xy
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SOALAN 1 : 2 ( 3x 5 )
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SOALAN 2 : d ( e + 4d )
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SOALAN 3 : - 4m ( 2 m )
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SOALAN 4 : - 3p ( p 5q )
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SOALAN 5 :- 5x ( 2z y 3x )
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SOALAN 6 : 2e ( 3e f + 2g )
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SOALAN :
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6.1 Kembangan Ungkapan Algebra

b.) dua ungkapan algebra dalam tanda
kurung.
Contoh 2 :
Kembangkan setiap yang berikut.
b)(x y) (3x + 5y)

= x ( 3x + 5y ) y ( 3x + 5y )
= 3x2 + 5xy - 3xy- 5y2
Sebutan serupa
= 3x2 + 2xy 5y2
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Mendarab setiap
sebutan dalam tanda
kurung pertama
dengan tiap-tiap
sebutan dalam tanda
kurung kedua.
17
Contoh 3 :
(x y) (3x + 5y)
x
-y
3x
+ 5y
3 x
+5xy
- 3 xy
- 5y
(x y) (3x + 5y) = 3x + 5xy 3xy 5y

= 3x + 2xy 5y
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SOALAN 1 : ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 )
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SOALAN 2 : ( x 3 ) ( x 4 )
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SOALAN 3 : ( 2x 5 ) ( 3x + 2 )
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SOALAN 4 : ( 3x 4 ) ( 2x 3 )
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SOALAN 5 : ( 8 e ) ( 2 + e )
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SOALAN 6 : ( 5h 3k ) ( 2h k )
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SOALAN 7 : ( 2x 5y ) ( 2x + 3y )
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SOALAN 8 : ( x + 5 ) =
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SOALAN 9 : ( 2x 3 ) =
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SOALAN 10 : ( 3x y ) =
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SOALAN :
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Menyelesaikan Masalah yang

Melibatkan Luas
1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pelan ruang
tamu rumah Encik Maniam.
( 2a b) m
( a 3b) m
Hitung luas, dalam m, ruang tamu rumah
Encik Maniam
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Menyelesaikan Masalah yang

Melibatkan Luas
2. Sebuah padang sekolah berbentuk segi
empat tepat yang berukuran ( y 6 ) m
panjang dan ( 2y + 3 ) m lebar. Hitung luas
padang itu.
( 2y + 3) m
( y 6) m
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6.1
Expanding Brackets
The expansion of two similar linear algebraic

expressions can be found in the following methods.
Example 7:
Find the product of (a + b)2.
Method 1:
(a + b)2
(a + b) means
the square of
(a + b)
2
= (a + b) (a +b)
= a2 + ab + ba + b2
Like terms can be simplified
= a2 + 2ab + b2
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Method 2:
Square the first term a, in the
bracket
+
Multiply all the terms, 2, a and b
+
square the second term b, in the
bracket
(a + b)2
= a2 + (2 x a x b) + b2
= a2 + 2ab + b2
Compare the answers

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6.1
Expanding Brackets

Example 8:
Find the product of (a - b)2.
Method 1:
(a - b)2
(a - b) means
the square of
(a - b)
2
= (a - b) (a - b)
= a2 - ab - ba + b2
= a2 - 2ab + b2
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Method 2:
Square the first term a, in the
bracket
+
Multiply all the terms, 2, a and -b
+
square the second term -b, in the
bracket
(a - b)2
= a2 + (2 x a x -b) + -b2
= a2 - 2ab + b2
Compare the answers

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6.1
Expanding Brackets

Example 9:
Find the product of (2r + 3s)2.
Method 1:
(2r + 3s)2
(2r + 3s) means

the square of
(2r + 3s)
2
= (2r + 3s) (2r + 3s)

= 4r2 + 6rs + 6rs + 9s2
= 4r2 + 12rs + 9s2

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Method 2:
Square the first term 2r, in the
bracket
+
Multiply the terms, 2, 2r and 3s
+
square the second term 3s, in
the bracket
(2r + 3s)2
= (2r)2+ (2x2rx3s)+ (3s)2
= 4r2 +12rs + 9s2
Compare the answers

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6.1
Expanding Brackets

Example 10:
Find the product of (m 2n)2.
Method 1:
(m 2n)2
(m 2n) means
the square of
(m 2n)
2
= (m 2n) (m 2n)
= m2 - 2mn - 2mn + 4n2
= m2 4mn + 4n2
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Method 2:
Square the first term m, in the
bracket
+
Multiply the terms, 2, m and -2n
+
square the second term -2n, in
the bracket
(m 2n)2
= m2 + (2xmx-2n)+(-2n)2
= m2 - 4mn + 4n2
Compare the answers

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Three Identities That

Must Be Remembered
(a + b)2 = (a + b) (a + b) = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a - b)2 = (a - b) (a - b) = a2 - 2ab + b2
a2 - b 2 = ( a + b ) ( a b )
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6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factors of a term is the number or terms that can
divide a term exactly.
To find the factors of a term,
As an example: 3pq
state the term as a product of
3pq = 1 x 3pq
two different terms first.
= 3 x pq
Thus, the
factors of 3pq =
1, 3, p, q, 3p,
3q, pq, and 3pq
= p x 3q
= q x 3p
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6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic

9a andExpressions
3b can be
Number 3 must be
multiplied
each term
Factors
of ato term
is the
in the bracket,

As an example:
Expand:
3(3a + b)
= 9a + 3b
Factorising is
the reverse of
expanding.
divided by 3. So, 3
number
termsfactor
that
is aor
common
of
9a + 3b
can
Factorise:
= 9a + 3b
= 3(3a + b)
Expand
3(3a + b)
9a + 3b
Factorise
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Example 1:
Taking out the
common
factors of each
term.
(a) 4ab2 6ac + 8a

= 2(2ab2 3ac + 4a)
= 2a(2b2 - 3c + 4)
Taking out the

common factor 2
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Taking out the

common factor a
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Example 2: Factorise of the following.
(a) 3xy2 + 12x2y
Taking out the
common factors of
each term.
= 3(xy2 + 4x2y)
Taking out the

common factor 3
= 3xy(y + 4x)
= 3x(y2 + 4xy)
Taking out the

common factor x
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Taking out the

common factor y
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Factors of a term is the number or terms that
can divide a term exactly.
Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two
Squares.
Can you express some examples?
x2 y2
4a2 b2
p2q2 16
9 25m2
1 m2
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x2
32 x2y4
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6.2
Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Squares. (consists of two terms)
The identity that must be remembered.
x 2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)
4a2 b2
4a2 = (2a)2
= (2a)2 b2
= (2a b ) (2a + b)
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Squares. (consists of two terms)
x 2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)
1 = 12
1 m2
= 12 m2
= (1 m ) (1 + m)
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Squares. .(consists of two terms)
x 2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)
16 = 42
p2q2 = (pq)2
p2q2 16
= (pq)2 42
= (pq 4 ) (pq + 4)
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x 2 y2
= (x
y) (x
y)
Example
4: +
Factorise
of the following.
= ( )2
x2
= x2 ( ) 2
= (x ) ( x + )
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6.2

x 2 y2
= Example
(x y) 5:
(x Factorise
+ y) of the following.
9 = 32
25m2 = (5m)2
9 25m2
= 32 (5m)2
= (3 5m ) (3 + 5m)
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6.2

x 2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)
32 x2y4
x2y4 = (xy2)2
= 32 (xy2)2
= (3 xy2 ) (3 + xy2)
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6.2

x2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)
36x2 = (6x)2
121y2 = (11y)2
36x2 121y2
= (6x)2 (11y)2
= (6x 11y ) (6x + 11y)
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x 2 y2
Example
2 2 (x y) (x
+ y) 8:
a4 = (a=
)
4
4
a
b
4
2 2
Factorise of the following.
b = (b )
= (a2)2 (b2)2
= (a2 b2 ) (a2 + b2)
= (a b) (a + b) (a2 + b2)
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6.2

x y
y) (x
Example =
9: (x
Factorise
of +
they)
following.
18 50y2
2
18 and 50 are not

perfect squared. So,
Taking out 2 as the
common factors of
each term.
25y2 = (5y)2
= 2(9 25y2)
= 2[32 (5y)2]
= 2(3 5y) (3 + 5y)
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Squares.(consists of two terms)
x 2 y2
= (x 10:y)Factorise
(x + y)of the following.
Example
16 = 42
a 16
4
a4 = (a2)2
= (a2)2 (22)2
= (a2 22 ) (a2 + 22)
= (a 2) (a + 2) (a2 + 4)
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6.2

Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of three terms.
The identities that must be remembered.
x2 + 2xy + y2
= (x + y) (x + y)
= (x + y)2
x2 - 2xy + y2
= (x - y) (x - y)
= (x - y)2
a) x2 + 10x + 25
b) x2 - 14x + 49
= x2 + 2(5x) + 52
= x2 - 2(7x) + 72
= (x + 5 )2
= (x - 7)2
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6.2

consist of three terms.
The identities that must be remembered.
x2 + 2xy + y2
= (x + y) (x + y)
= (x + y)2
x2 - 2xy + y2
= (x - y) (x - y)
= (x - y)2
a) 9p2 + 6pq + q2
b) x2 - 4xy + 4y2
= (3p)2 + 2(3pq) + q2
= x2 - 2(2xy) + (2y)2
= (3p + q)2
= (x 2y)2
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6.2

consist of four terms.
ax + ay + bx + by
= (ax + ay) + (bx + by)
= a(x + y) + b(x + y)
Group the term

with the same
common factor
Take out the
common factor
within the group
= (a + b) (x + y)
Taking out the
common factor
(x + y)
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6.2

4m + 3n - mn - 12
= (4m - mn) + (3n - 12)
= m(4 - n) + 3(n - 4)
Group the term

with the same
common factor
Take out the
common factor
within the group
= m(4 n) 3(-n + 4)
Taking out the
common factor
(4 n)
= (4 - n) (m - 3)
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6.2

pq + qr - ps - rs
= (pq + qr) - (ps + rs)
= q(p + r) - s(p + r)
= (p + r) (q - s)
Group the term

with the same
common factor
Take out the
common factor
within the group
Taking out the
common factor
(p + r)
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6.2

8ab 10a + 12b - 15

= (8ab 10a) + (12b - 15)
= 2a(4b - 5) + 3(4b - 5)
= (4b - 5) (2a + 3)
Group the term

with the same
common factor
Take out the
common factor
within the group
Taking out the
common factor
(4b 5)
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6.2

36x 4y 3xy + 27x2
Group the term

with the same
common factor
= (36x 4y) - (3xy 27x2)

= 4(9x - y) 3x(y 9x)
= 4(9x y) + 3x(-y + 9x)
= (4 + 3x) (9x y)
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Take out the

common factor
within the group
Take out the
common factor
(9x y)
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6.2 Factorisation Of Algebraic Expressions

Tips:
4+3=7
4 x 3 = 12
Change the
expression into
four terms
x2 + 7x + 12
= x2 + 4x + 3x + 12
Group the term with

the same common
factor
= (x2 + 4x) + (3x + 12)

= x(x + 4) + 3(x + 4)
= (x + 3) (x + 4)
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Take out the

common factor
(x + 4)
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Tips:
13 - 3 = 10
13x(-3) = - 39
Change the
expression into
four terms
x2 + 10x - 39
= x2 + 13x - 3x - 39
Group the term with

the same common
factor
= (x2 + 13x) - (3x + 39)

= x(x + 13) - 3(x + 13)
= (x - 3) (x + 13)
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Take out the

common factor
(x + 13)
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Tips:
1-6=-5
1x(-6) = - 6
Change the
expression into
four terms
a2 5a - 6
= a2 + 1a 6a - 6
Group the term with

the same common
factor
= (a2 + a) - (6a + 6)
= a(a + 1) - 6(a + 1)
= (a - 6) (a + 1)
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Take out the

common factor
(a + 1)
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Tips:
- 8 - 3 = - 11
(-8)x(-3) = 24
Change the
expression into
four terms
m2 11m + 24
= m2 8m 3m + 24
Group the term with

the same common
factor
= (m2 - 8m) - (3m - 24)

= m(m - 8) - 3(m - 8)
= (m - 3) (m - 8)
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Take out the

common factor
(m - 8)
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2x4 = 8
Tips:
8+1=9
8x1=8
Change the
expression into
four terms
2x2 + 9x + 4
= 2x2 + 8x + 1x + 4
Group the term with

the same common
factor
= (2x2 + 8x) + (1x + 4)

= 2x(x + 4) + 1(x + 4)
= (2x + 1) (x + 4)
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Take out the

common factor
(x + 4)
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6.2
Factorising And Simplifying Algebraic Fractions

Algebraic fractions are fractions with algebraic
expressions as the numerator or denominator.
Can you give some examples?
x2
y
3x 2
y
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numerator
numerator
Good job!
numerator
numerator
numerator
denominator
denominator
denominator
denominator
denominator
y2 4y + 4
y-2
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4a2 b2
a+b
x2 9
(x3)(x-1)
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6.2

Example 1:
Simplify the given fraction.
Solution:
9ab2
3b
Congratulations!
=9xaxbxb
1
1
3xb
=3xaxb
1
= 3ab
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6.2

Example 2:
Well
Solution:
done!
1
2
x 9
x+3
Factorise the
numerator first.
= (x 3) (x 1+ 3)
x+3
=x-3
1
=x-3
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6.2

Example 3:
Solution:
8 32m
2 - 8m
Factorise the
numerator and the
denominator first.
= 8 1(1 - 4m)
2 (1 - 4m)
Good Job!
= 4(1 4m)
1
1 - 4m
=4
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6.2

Example 4:
Congratulations!
Solution:
3p
6p 9q
Factorise the
denominator first.
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3p____
3(2p 3q)
p
2p 3q
___
1
___ ____
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6.2
Example 5:
Solution:
Bravo!
1
2
= (x + 3) (x + 2)
x + 5x + 6
(x + 3)2
Factorise the
numerator and the
denominator first.
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(x + 3) (x + 3)
= x+2
x+3
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Addition And Subtraction Of Algebraic Fractions
6.3
a) Adding or subtracting two algebraic

fractions with similar denominators.
Example 1:
x + 4x
3
3
Good!
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Solution:
= x + 4x
3
= 5x
3
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Maintain the
denominator
Add the
numerator
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6.3 Addition And Subtraction Of Algebraic Fractions

a) Adding or subtracting two algebraic fractions with
similar denominators.
Solution:
Example 2:
2x + y + 4x 3y
2
2
= 2x + y + (4x-3y)
2
Maintain the
denominator
= 2x + 4x + y 3y
2
Well done!
= 6x 2y
2
1
= 2 (3x 1y)
2
Add or
subtract the
numerators
Simplify
= 3x - y
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a) Adding or subtracting two algebraic fractions with
similar denominators.
Solution:
Example 3:
3x - 5 - 9x 7
x+2
x+2
= 3x - 5 - (9x - 7)
x+2
= 3x - 9x - 5 + 7
x+2
= - 6x + 2
x+2
The positive
term is always
written in front
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Maintain the
denominator
Add or
subtract the
numerators
= 2 - 6x
x+2
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b) Adding or subtracting two algebraic fractions with
different denominators.
Solution:
Example 1:
5a - 3a
7
14
= 5a x 2 3a
7x2
14
= 10a 3a
14
= 7a
14
Well Done!
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= a
2
Let the
denominators
same.
Subtract the
numerators
Simplify
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b) Adding or subtracting two algebraic fractions with
different denominators.
Solution:
Example 2:
m + n + 4m 5n = n(m + n) + m(4m 5n)
mxn
nxm
Multiply the
= mn + n + 4m - 5mn
mn
2
Very
Good!
= 4m2 4mn + n2
mn
numerator and
the
denominator
Add or
subtract the
numerators
= (2m n) (2m n)
mn
= (2m n)2
mn
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Simplify
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6.4
Multiplication And Division Of Algebraic Fractions

Multiplying algebraic fractions.
(a) Denominator with one term
Example 1:
Example 2:
3 ( 4a 5b)
4 ( 3m + 7n)
y
One term
One term
Solution:
Solution:
= 3 x 4a 3 x 5b
= 12a 15b
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Multiply the
numerator
separately
= 4 x 3m + 4 x 7n
y
y
= 12m 28n
y
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Multiply the
numerator
separately
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6.4

Multiplying algebraic fractions.
(b) Denominator with two terms
Example 4:
Example 3:
4x 8x2 x 15
5
4x
X2 y2 x x
2x
x+y
Two terms
Two terms
Solution:
= (x y)(x + y) x x
1
1
2x
(x+y)
=xy
2
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Solution:
3
1
= 4x (1 2x) x 15
1
1
4x
= 3(1 2x)
= 3 6x
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6.4

Dividing algebraic fractions.
(a) Denominator with one term
(b) Denominator with two terms.
Example 1:
Example 2:
r 7
s 2s
(a + b) 3(a + b)
a2 b2
a-b
One term
Solution:
Two terms
= r x 2s
s 7
Solution:
1
= (a + b) x
1
1
= 2r
7
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(a-b)
(a-b)(a+b) 3(a + b)
1
3(a + b)
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6.4

Dividing algebraic fractions.
(b) Denominator with two terms
Example 4:
Example 3:
4(x x2) (x-1)

5
5
3y2 y
2x
4x
Two terms
Two terms
Solution:
2
2 y
= 3y x 4x
2x 1 y 1
= 6y = 6y
1
02/20/16
Solution:
= 4(x x2) x 5
5
x-1
-1
1
= 4x(1 x) x 5 1
5 1 x-1
= - 4x
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If at first you don't succeed ... so much for skydiving.
Thank
You
02/20/16
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Chapter 6 Module Algebraic Expressions III

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Chapter 6 Module Algebraic Expressions III

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UNGKAPAN ALGEBRA I

UNGKAPAN ALGEBRA III

Ungkapan Algebra III

6.1Memahami dan menggunakan konsep kembangan

6.4Melakukan pendaraban dan pembahagian ke atas

6.1 Kembangan Ungkapan Algebra

Mendarab setiap sebutan

6.1 Kembangan Ungkapan Algebra

b)(x y) (3x + 5y)

= 3x2 + 2xy 5y2

(x y) (3x + 5y) = 3x + 5xy 3xy 5y

Menyelesaikan Masalah yang

Menyelesaikan Masalah yang

The expansion of two similar linear algebraic

Compare the answers

The expansion of two similar linear algebraic

Compare the answers

The expansion of two similar linear algebraic

(2r + 3s) means

= (2r + 3s) (2r + 3s)

= 4r2 + 12rs + 9s2

Compare the answers

The expansion of two similar linear algebraic

Compare the answers

Three Identities That

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

two different terms first.

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic

divide a term exactly.

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

(a) 4ab2 6ac + 8a

Taking out the

Taking out the

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Taking out the

Taking out the

Taking out the

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factors of a term is the number or terms that can

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Example 6: Factorise of the following.

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Example 7: Factorise of the following.

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factorise of the following.

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two

18 and 50 are not

6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Example 1: Factorise of the following.

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Example 2: Factorise of the following.

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Example 1: Factorise of the following.

Group the term

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Example 2: Factorise of the following.