Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Oxygen Requirements
History of Human Waste
Nutrient Removal Project
Dissolved oxygen
measurements
Oxygen Transfer
Monroe L. Weber-Shirk
DO probe
Pressure
sensor
Air
Temperature probe
Stir bar
Excreta Disposal:
Land Application
When population densities were low excreta disposal
was an individual problem.
As cities grew it was no longer possible for
individuals to practice direct land application.
Before 1800 city residents placed night soil in
buckets along streets and workers emptied the waste
into honeywagon tanks.
The waste was transported to rural areas for disposal
on farm land. The honeywagon system preserved the
essential feature of land application of the waste.
Nutrient Recycle
Toilets
Until
sewers
The storm drain systems discharged directly
to streams, lakes, and estuaries without
treatment
Treatment of wastewater only became an
issue after the self-purification capacity of
the receiving waters was exceeded and
nuisance __________
conditions became intolerable
________
(sedimentation)
BOD (activated sludge)
Nitrification (convert ammonia to nitrate)
Denitrification (convert nitrogen to N 2)
Phosphorus
Oxygen Probe
Current meter
330 nanoamps typical
at 37C and 1
atmosphere in air.
KCl electrolyte
anode
4e - +4 H + +O2 2 H 2O
Dx
Saturation
concentration
Temperature
ppm
Single
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
dependence
Atmospheric pressure dependence
Membrane
C =PO2 e
*
10
temperature effect
20
30
1727
- 2.105
40
Temperature (C)
kmembrane (T ) =e
Diffusion
0.05 T - Tref
_____________________
transfer coefficient kv ,l
_____________________
Bubble surface area
_____________________
Bubble residence time
______________________________________
Bubble pressure (depth and surface tension)
_____________________
Turbulence
dC
=kv ,l (C * - C )
dt
Aeration:
Initial Oxygen Deficit, No BOD
C
C*
Do = 5 mg/L
5 mg/L
Where is the best data for calculating kv ,l ?
t
kv ,l
Specific
integrate
C -C
ln *
=- kv ,l (t - t0 )
C - C0
y =mx
Aeration Methods
Diffused Aeration
Systems:
(compressed air pumped into
aeration tanks)
Porous
diffusers
Ceramic
Plastic
membranes
Non-porous
Mechanical Aeration
Systems
V dC
n&o2 =
MWO2 dt
dC
=kv ,l ( C * - C )
dt
Easy solutions?
Great solutions?
What would you like the capabilities of this device to be?
How could you give the device the capabilities you
want?
Lab Setup
Accumulator
200 kPa
Pressure
sensor
7 kPa
Pressure
sensor
Solenoid Valve
Air Supply
N1
DO probe
Temperature probe
S1
Needle Valves
N2
S2
Stir bar