Human Excretion

1. Excretion : process of
removing waste products ,
produced during chemical
processes in the cells.
If the wastes are not
removed, toxic substances
build up and can damage
organs in the body.

2.Human Excretory
Organs
a)Skin
b)Lungs
c)Kidney main

Skin

3.Excretory Organs
and Excretory
Organ
Process
Waste
products
products
Kidney

Urinating

Water, mineral
salts, urea

Skin

sweating

Water, mineral
salts, urea

Lungs

Exhalation

Carbon
dioxide, water

 Urea is a waste product

formed in liver from
excess amino acids in
the body.
Urea is remove as a
urine.
Urine also contain
mineral

4. Importance of Excretion
a)To remove wastes products, like
urea. Accumulation of this product
can damage the internal organs.
b)Carbon dioxide from respiration
must remove quickly because the
high level of this gas can increase
the acidity of blood.

c) Excretion of excess
water and mineral salts can
maintain the chemical
composition, temperature,
water and pH balance of
the body system

Kepentingan Sistem Perkumuhan

a)Untuk mengeluarkan bahan buangan
beracun seperti urea. Urea akan
merosakkan organ dalaman jika
dibiarkan berkumpul di dalam badan
b)Karbon dioksida mesti dikeluarkan
segera. Aras karbon dioksida yang
tinggi akan meningkatkan keasidan
darah
c)Perkumuhan air dan garam mineral
berlebihan akan mengekalkan
keseimbangan komposisi bahan kimia,
air dan pH di dalam badan.

5. The urinary system in

Human
Kidney are found at the
back of abdominal cavity,
just below the
diaphragm.

Parts

Function

Kidney Excretory organ that remove

wastes like urea , water, and
mineral salts from the blood into
the urine
Ureter Tube that carries urine from the
kidney to the bladder
Bladder Temporary storage for the urine
before removal
Urethra Tube that carries urine from the
bladder for removal

6.Pathway of urine
flow
.

Starts from the kidney, to

the ureter, then to the
bladder and lastly to the
urethra

Kidney
urethra

ureter

bladder

7. Structure of the kidney

Bean-shaped and roughly
the size of a fist.
Protected by lower rib
cage.
Outer transparent coat is
called capsule.
2 parts :
- darker protective part
cortex

 Cortex makes up
about one third of the
kidney
The inner boundary of
the medulla forms
several pyramids which
open into a sac-like
cavity called pelvis.

8.Functions of the kidney :

To filter blood and
remove urea, excess
mineral salts and water
to form urine
If the body has too much
water, reabsorption will
be less. The urine
produced will be diluted.

9. Importance of maintaining
healthy kidneys
Our food may contain toxic
substances such as
mercury, lead, arsenic and
insecticides. These
substances can damage
the kidney.
Food that is too salty and
sweet is also bad for the

 We should drink plenty of

water and consume less salt
and sugar
A high intake of salt can
cause high blood pressure.
High concentration of salt
encourage the formation of
kidney stones.----kidney
failure.
We should avoid drugs,

 Kidneys may also be

damaged by infections.

10. If our kidney cannot

function (failure)
We can do :
a) dialysis remove
waste products using
machine
b) kidney transplant

11.Dialysis is a technique of
separating particles of
different sizes in a liquid
mixture.
. A patients blood needs to
pass through the dialysis
machine many times to
make sure all wastes are
removed.
. Patient must be connected

 In dialysis, blood is
filtered through an
artificial membrane in
the dialysis machine.

 Dialysis does not cure

the damaged kidney.
It is only an artificial
substitute for the
original kidney

Excretion in Plants

Waste products :
a) water
b) carbon dioxide
c) oxygen
d) nitrogenous waste
Excrete mainly thro stomata

 Plants remove their excretory

products thro 3 ways :
i) Simple diffusion
ii) Formation of crystal
iii) Shedding their leaves, bark
and flower

Method

Excretory
products

Simple diffusion

Oxygen, carbon
dioxide, water
Mineral salts ---forms
- Calcium carbonate,
calcium oxalate
crystal.
- Silicon salts deposited
in the leaves of grass
to strengthen the leaf
blade
Nitrogenous waste
remove as a complex

Formation of crystal

Shedding (leaves, bark

and flowers)

Excretory products and their

uses
Excretory Source
Use
products
Latex

Rubber tree

To make
vehicle tyres

Resin

Certain tree
To make
stems like
varnish and
casuarina tree gum

Gum

Certain tree
stems like
acacia tree

To make cough
medicine

Excretory products and their

Excretory Source
uses
Use
products
Tannin

Bark of plants To make ink

like tea,
coffee and
mangrove
tree

Quinine

Bark of
cinchona tree

To make
medicine to
treat malaria

Oil

Flowers or
leaves

Perfume and
ointment for

Excretory products and their

dangerous Reason
Excretory Source
products
for

danger
Opium

Flowers of
poppy plant

Morphine

Make from
Opium

Heroin

Make from
morphine

Drugs

Excretory products and that are

dangerous Reason
Excretory Source
products
for

danger
Cocaine
Cannabis

Nicotine
Caffeine

Leaves from
coca plant
Leaves and
dried flowers
of the
cannabis
sativa plant
Tobacco leaves Lungs cancer
Coffee beans
Addiction