GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

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PROTECTION OF TRANSMISSION LINE USING GPS

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Under the guidance of
MR. SANAT KUMAR PATRO
BY
SUMIT KUMAR PADHY

REGD NO- 1001306027

PRESENTED BY SUMIT KUMAR PADHY , REGD NO-1001306027

GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

OVER VIEW
INTRODUCTION
TRANSMISSIUON SYSTEM
FAULT LOCATION
TRAVELING WAVE FAULT THEORY
FAULT LOCATION USING GPS
ADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION

PRESENTED BY-SUMIT KUMAR PADHY

REGDNO -1001306027

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GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

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INTRODUCTION
A new technique for the protection of
transmission systems.
Relays are installed at each bus bar in a
transmission network.
Relay contains a fault detection system together
with a communication unit.
Relay determine the location of the fault.
PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY

REGDNO-1001306027

GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

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TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
GENERATION

TRANSMISSION

PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY

DISTRIBUTION

REGDNO-1001306027

GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

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LOCATION OF FAULT
Save time and resources for the electric utility
industry.
Determine distance to fault from a transmission
line end.
Aid in fast restoration of power.
Communication systems can retrieve fault
location information.
PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY

REGDNO-1001306027

GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

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WHAT IS TRAVELING WAVE FAULT

LOCATION?
Faults on the power
transmission system cause
transients that propagate
along the transmission line
as waves.
These waves have a
propagation velocity &
characteristic impedance ,
travel from fault location
towards line ends
PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY

REGDNO-1001306027

GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

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The location of faults is accomplished by precisely

time-tagging wave fronts as they cross a known
point typically in substations at line ends.
Fault location can then be obtained by multiplying
the wave velocity by the time difference in line ends.

PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY

REGDNO-1001306027

GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

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TRAVELING WAVE FAUL LOCATION

THEORY
Traveling wave fault locators make use of the transien signals
generated by the fault.
Unlike other fault location systems, the traveling wave fault
locator is unaffected by load conditions.
Precisely synchronized clocks are the key element in the
implementation of this fault location technique.
The required level of clock accuracy has only recently been
available at reasonable cost with the introduction of the Global
Positioning System.

PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY

REGDNO-1001306027

GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

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BENEFITS OF TRAVELING WAVE FAULT

LOCATION
Early fault locators used radar.
Radar equipment is typically mobile or located
at substations and requires manual operation.
Traveling wave fault locators are becoming popular
where higher accuracy is important.
GPS-based sub microsecond timing system has proven
reliable in several utility traveling wave projects.

PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY

REGDNO-1001306027

GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

POSSIBLE CAUSES OF FAULT

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GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

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FAULT LOCATION USING GPS

Global Positioning System (GPS)
is a satellite-based navigation
system made up of a network of
24 satellites placed into orbit.
Originally intended for military
applications
Allows precise determination of
location, velocity, direction and
time.

PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY

REGDNO-1001306027

GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

HOW GPS WORKS?

GPS satellites circle the earth
twice a day .
Transmit signal information to
earth.
Receivers take this information
and calculate the user's exact
location.
Accurate 3-D location require
four satellites.
PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY ,

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GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

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OPERATION OF THE FAULT

LOCATION SYSTEM(FLS) USING GPS
A fault locator remote is coupled to
each end of line via CPT.
FL is synchronized to the common
timing standard of UTC from GPS.
Fault resulting produces
travelling waves(transients).
The FL remote time tag the
transient arrival times.

PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY ,

REGDNO-1001306027

GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

By knowing the line length

L and the time-of arrival
difference (tb - ta ) distance
X can be calculated from
the FL equation:
X=[L-C(tb - ta )]/2
ta & tb are end A and
end B arrival time
c-velocity of light
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GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ADVANTAGES
Protection of transmission line using GPS is
extremely accurate.
Economical.
Fast response.
Reliability & availability

PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY ,

REGDNO-1001306027

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GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

CONCLUSION
Uses a dedicated fault detector to extract
transient signal and GPS system to time tag these signals.
Travelling time of the transient signal from the point of fault to
the adjacent substation is used to determine the fault position.
Proposed technique is able to offer a high accuracy
in fault location.
Unlike traditional protection schemes , this technique offers
a new concept in network protection.

PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY ,

REGDNO-1001306027

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GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

BTECH SEMINAR PRESENTATION

REFERENCES
Zhiqian Q Bo Weller, Tom Lomas and Miles A, Redfern
Positional Protection of Transmission system Using
global Positioning System IEEE Trans. On Power
delivery, vol15 no 4 oct 2008
http://www.howstuffworks.com/gps
http://www.gisdevelopment.net/technology/gps

PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY ,

REGDNO-1001306027

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GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY ,

REGDNO-1001306027

GANDHI INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY -SUMIT KUMAR PADHY ,

REGDNO-1001306027