Faculty of Medicine and Health Science

Muhammadiyah University of
Yogyakarta

The Effect of Centella asiatica

Leaves Extract towards the
Number of Bacteria in Small
Intestine of Balb/c Mice infected
by Salmonella typhimurium

EVI HERDIANTI
20100310079

Chapter I

A. Background
Typhoid fever

Etiology

S. typhi

Mortality

Gold
Standard

3,5%

Culture of
Salmonella

therapy

Preventive
S. typhi in human
=
S. typhimurium in mice

ineffective

Herb
Centella
asiatica
causative

Resistant

B. Problem Formulations
1. What is the effect of pegagan (Centella
asiatica) leaves extract towards the number of
bacteria in small intestine of Balb/c mice
infected by Salmonella typhimurium ?

2. What is the effective dose of pegagan (Centella

asiatica) leaves extract to reduce the number of
bacteria in small intestine of Balb/c mice infected
by Salmonella typhimurium ?

C. Research Objective
To determine the effect of pegagan (Centella
asiatica) leaves extract towards the number of
bacteria in small intestine of Balb/c mice infected
Salmonella typhimurium.
To determine the effective dose of pegagan
(Centella asiatica) leaves extract to reduce the
number of bacteria in small intestine of Balb/c mice
infected by Salmonella typhimurium.

D. Benefit of
Research
Scientific proof about the benefits of pegagan (Centella
asiatica) leaves extract

E. Originalities of Research
No Peneliti
1

Arya, dkk.
(2012)

Dash, et al.
(2011)

Differen
ce

Judul Penelitian
The influence of Pegagan
(Centella asiatica) against
the microscopic of Balb/c
Mice Intestine Infected
Salmonella typhi
Antibacterial and Antifungal
Activities of Several Extracts
of Centella asiatica Urb L.
against some Human
Pathogenic Microbes

Jagtap, et al. Antimicrobial and Antifungal

(2009)
Activity of Centella asiatica
Urb (L.)Urban, Umbeliferae
Determine the number of
bacteria of small intestine
in Balb/c mice infected by
Salmonella
typhimurium
with
various
doses
of

Chapter II

A. Literature Review
1. Pegagan (Centella asiatica)
Characterist
ic
Therapy
effects
Chemical
constituent
s

2. Salmonella
typhimurium

Microscopic figure of
Salmonella typhimurium

Colony figure of Salmonella

typhimurium

Pathogenesis of Salmonella typhimurium

3. Chloramphenicol

Chemical structure

Pharmacokynetics : inhibits synthesis of

microbe protein
Indications : Rickettsial infection, typhoid fever
or Rocky Mountain spot fever
Side effect

: hematologic reaction

4. Intestine

B. Conceptual Framework
Balb/C Mice

Pegagan (Centella
asiatica) extract
dose 125, 250, 500
mg/kgBW/day

Infected by Salmonella
typhimurium

Typhoid fever (Salmonellosis)

Decresing number of
bacteria in intestine of
Balb/C mice

Decresing number of
bacteria in hepar of
Balb/C mice

C. Hypothesis
1. Pegagan (Centella asiatica) leaves extract can
decrease the number of bacteria in intestine of Balb/c
mice infected by Salmonella typhimurium.
2. Effective doses of pegagan (Centella asiatica) leaves
extract to decrease the number of bacteria in intestine
of Balb/c mice infected by Salmonella typhimurium are
250 mg/kgBW dan 500 mg/kgBW.

Chapter III

A. Design of Research
Experimental research with post test
only control group design.

B. Population and Samples

Population
: Balb/C mice
Sampel
: 21 Balb/C mice, divided into 7 groups

C. Place and Time of Research

Place : Laboratory of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine
and Health Sciences Muhammadiyah University of
Yogyakarta Fakultas Kedokteran UMY
Time
: May June 2012

D. Variables of Research
Variables :
independent variable : pegagan (Centella
asiatica) leaves extract
dependent variable : the number of bacteria
in intestine of balb/c mice
controlled variable : S. typhimurium

E. Operational Definition
Pegagan (Centella asiatica) leaves extract
The number of bacteria in intestine

F. Instruments of Research
Tools :
cage of mice, wire folding.
orogastric tools, tube, micropipette, vortex.
gloves, tweezers, needle injection 3 ml.
Materials :
food, Salmonella typhimurium, pegagan (Centella
asiatica) leaves extract, intestine of Balb/C
mice,
alcohol 70%, MacConkey media, physiological
NaCl.

G. Jalannya Penelitian
Mencit Balb/C

Diinfeksi Salmonella typhimurium, diberi

perlakuan selama 7 hari

Tidak diinfeksi

tanpa pemberian
ekstrak daun
pegagan (Centella
asiatica)

pemberian ekstrak
daun pegagan
(Centella asiatica) 3
kali sehari

125 mg/kgBB

K1

K2

P1

250
mg/kgBB

pemberian 1,3 mg
kloramfenikol 4
kali sehari

Pemberian 0,975 mg
kloramfenikol 4 kali sehari
+ 125 mg/kgBB ekstrak
daun pegagan (Centella
asiatica) 3 kali sehari

500
mg/kgBB

P2

Pemeriksaan angka kuman usus halus

P3

P4

P5

H. Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas

ketepatan alat ukur, ketepatan cara
pengukuran, dan dosis bahan uji
yang tepat

I. Analisis Data
Data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis secara statistik
dengan menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA dilanjutkan
dengan LSD Post Hoc Test untuk membandingkan
perbedaan mean antar kelompok menggunakan program
SPSS for windows Release 15.0.

Daftar Pustaka
1. Arya, C., Piraksa, W., Besung, K.I., Suwiti, K.N. (2012).
Pengaruh Pemberian Pegagan (Centella asiatica) terhadap
Gambaran Mikroskopis Usus Halus yang Diinfeksi
Salmonella typhi. Jurnal Penelitian vol.4 (2), 73-79.
2. Dash, B.K., Faruquee, H.M., Biswas, S.K., Alam, M.K., Sisir,
S.M. (2011). Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of
Several Extracts of Centella asiatica L. against Some
Human Pathogenic Microbes. Life Sciences and Medicine
Research: LSMR-35.
3. Jagtap, N.S., Khadabadi, S.S., Ghorpade, D.S., Banarase,
N.B., Naphade, S.S. (2009, April-Juni). Antimicrobial and
Antifungal Activity of Centella asiatica (L.)Urban,
Umbeliferae. Research J. Pharm. and Tech.2 (2).