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DESIGN OF

ABSORPTION COLUMN
PRESENTED BY: ALI SHAAN(016)
USAMA SAEED(049)
ALI HASSAN(031)

CASE

STEPS USED DURING DESIGN OF


ABSORPTION COLUMN

Selection of solvent
Selection of column type
Selection of packing
Equilibrium data
Material balance
Minimum solvent flow rate

CONTINUE

Operating solvent flow rate


Flooding/Diameter collection
Pressure drop
Height of packing

SOLVENT SELECTION
We Selected water(H2O) here:

Because it is cheap.
Non Toxic.
Easily available.

SELECTION OF PACKING
We have selected random packing here:
Because pressure drop is nearly negligible in our case.
It is cheap as compare to structured .

MATERIAL AND TYPE OF


PACKING
Raschig ring 1.5 inches.
Ceramic material.
Because they have:
High Strength.
High Fracture Toughness.
High Hardness.
Excellent Wear Resistance.
Good Frictional Behaviour.

EQUILIBRIUM DATA
g S02/100 g
H2O
0.01
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3

600c

700c

900c

0.43
5.24
13.5
22.7
32.6
42.8
53.3

0.689999997
7.793333308
19.56666661
32.53333324
46.29999986
60.46666649
74.86666645

1.21
12.9
31.7
52.2
73.7
95.8
118

CONTINUED
Mole Fractions
X
2.8124E-05
0.000140604
0.000281169
0.000421694
0.000562179
0.000702625
0.000843032
0.001123727
0.001404264
0.00280459

y
0.000908
0.010254
0.025746
0.042807
0.060921
0.079561
0.098509
0.137456
0.177456
0.385088

CONTINUED
Mole Ratios
X

Y
2.8125E-05
0.00014062
0.00028125
0.00042187
0.0005625
0.00070312
0.00084374
0.00112499
0.00140624
0.00281248

0.000909
0.010361
0.026426
0.044721
0.064873
0.086439
0.109273
0.159361
0.215741
0.626248

CONTINUED
Conversion is as follows:
y
x

Pso2
Patm

(e.g)

0.6mmHg
7.89x10-4
760mmHg

c / M.Wso2
c / M.Wso2 100 / M .WH 2 0

(e.g )

0.02 / 64
5.625x10-5
0.02 / 64 100 /18

The equilibrium (x, y) data are converted to mole ratio unit (X, Y) and
plotted on X-Y plane. As shown below. The cure is slightly convex
upward. So the operating line corresponding to the minimum liquid rate
will not touch the equilibrium line. It will rather meet the equilibrium
line at the point having an ordinate Y1 (0.25). This is the pinch point
having abscissa = (X1)max = 0.0015.

EQUILIBRIUM CURVE
Equilibrium curve
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0

Material Balance
Average molecular weight = (mole fr. So2)*(M.W of so2)+( mole fr.
Air)*(M.W
of Air)
M .w (.2)(64) (.8)(28.8)
35.84

PM
1*35.84

0.07945 ft 3 / h
RT 1.31443*343.15

Volumetric flow rate = 40,000 ft3/h


3
3
Mass flow =m 40, 000 ft / h *0.07945lb / ft

CONTINUED
G 3178.38lb / h
G 1441.6889kg / h
G1 (1441.6889 / 35.84) kmol/ h
G1 40.2256kmol / h
y1 0.2
Y1

y1
0.25
1 y1

Gs G1 (1 y1 ) 32.180kmol / h
so2 entering G1 y1 8.04512kmol / h
so2 absorbed so2 entering * (0.96) 7.7233152kmol / h
concentration
Y2 so2 / Gs 0.01
y2 1 Y2 / Y2 0.001

CONTINUED
As solvent is pure
x2=0 (Mole Fraction unit)
X2=0 (Mole ratio unit)

MINIMUM LIQUID FLOW RATE


By an overall material balance:
( Ls ) min
Y1 Y2

Gs
( X 1 ) max X2
( Ls ) min 4984.682kmol / h
( Ls )operating 1.3( Ls ) min 6480.0866kmol / h

Molecular weight of solvent =18


Ls 6480.0886 /18
Ls 116641kg / h

LIQUID FLOW RATE AT BOTTOM


OF TOWER
L1 Ls so2 absorbed 116641 7.7233 116649.2821kg / h
And the x1=0.002462

FLOODING VELOCITY
CALCULATION
Total pressure in the tower =1atm ( I have neglected the pressure drop
in the tower); temp= 303 k
L1=116649.2821 kg/h
G1=1441.6889 kg/h
M.Wav=35.84
g 0.07945lb / ft 3 1.267 kg / m3

l=0.4079cp;
edition)

surface tension = 64.47 dyne/cm

(liquid)=61.07 lb/ft3 =978.25 kg/m3

(McCabe smith 7 th

(McCabe smith 7th edition)

CONTINUED
Flow parameter

L g 0.5
Flv ( ) 2.91
G l
As our packing material is Raschig (d p=1.5 inch);
By using Eckerts GPDC Chart ( Figure 5.33, principle of mass transfer
and separation by Binay k. dutta). Since it good enough for first
generation packing. At flooding F lv=2.91, the capacity parameter is
0.0075.

CONTINUED
The other parameters are:
l 0.4079cp

w
1
l

Fp 94.5 / ft
g c 4.18x108 ft / h 2

Capacity parameter equation for the first generation.


w
)( l )0.2
l
g l g c

(G ') 2fl Fp (
cp

CONTINUED
G 'fl 438.931lb / ft 2 .h
G 'op 0.70* G ' fl 307lb / ft 2 .h
G 'op 1500kg / m 2 .h

TOWER DIAMETER
Tower cross section:
G / G 'op 1441.6889 /1500
0.9611m 2

Diameter 0.9611* 4

1.106 m

TOWER HEIGHT CALCULATION


Overall material balance equation:
( Ls ) min
Y Y2
1
Gs
X 1 X2

Gs 32.180kmol / h
Ls 6480.0866kmol / h
y1 0.20
x1 0.001547
y2 0.001
x2 0

CONTINUED
The individual gas and liquid phase mass transfer coefficient are given.
The following equation is used to find the height.
h H tG * N tG
H tG

G'
k 'y a '
y1

1
(1 y )iM
N tG
dy f ( y )dy
(1 y ) *( y yi )
y2
y2

Now we have plotted the equilibrium data on x-y plane (mole fr. Unit).
Then we fined the interfacial concentrations on the gas side. ( By
Following the procedure describe in the Section 6.4.1 ( principle of
mass transfer and separation process By Binay K.Dutta).

CONTINUED
Equilibrium Curve (mole fr. unit)

CONTINUED
y

yi
0.2

0.19

0.185

0.175

0.149

0.133

0.1

0.047

0.0569 0.0513
0.0427 0.0376

(1y)im
1-y
y-yi
f(y)
0.8049
100.62
9
0.8
0.01
37
0.8199
100.61
9
0.815
0.01
22
0.8589
63.085
75
0.851
0.016
72
0.9262
19.418
47
0.9
0.053
18
0.9458
179.10
97 0.9431 0.0056
11
0.9598
196.60
48 0.9573 0.0051
03

CONTINUED
By using trapezoidal rule:
y1

1
(1 y )iM
N tG
dy f ( y )dy 12.5
(1 y ) *( y yi )
y2
y2

so
N tG 12.5

CONTINUED
The height of a gas-phase transfer unit:
H tG

G'
k 'y a '

k ' y 0.075*3600 270kmol / h.m 2


G '1 40.2256 / 0.9611 41.85371kmol / h.m 2
G '2 Gs / (1 y2 ) *0.9611 33.4824 kmol/ h .m 2
G ' 37.6686 kmol/ h .m 2
H tG 0.311m
h N tG * H tG
h 0.311*12.5 3.88m

Specification Sheet
Identification:
Item:
Packed Absorption Column
Item No:
N/A
No. required:
1

Function: To remove SO2 from mixture of gases


Operation: Continuous

CONTINUED
Entering gas

Exit gas

Liquid entering

Kg/hr

Kg/hr

Kg/hr

1441.6889

1045.904

116649

Design data:
No. of transfer units = 12.5
Height of transfer units = 0.311 m
Total height of column = 3.88m
Diameter = 1.109m
Pressure drop = Neglected

CONTINUED
Internals:
Size and type = 1.5 in
Material of packing:

Rachig ring
Ceramic

Packing arrangement:
Type of packing support:

Dumped
Simple grid & perforated support

THANK YOU

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