FOOD SECURITY AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

Yavuz Selim Karaveliolu, Sinan Topalolu, Nazl Esin Gndzbey,

Kemal Orhun Akmil, Selin Burtul, Ataberk Ali il, Deniz Bars Kasap

Advisor:Levent ztrk

INTRODUCTION
Especially recent years, the issue of
Global Climate Change (GCC) and
Food Security became significant.
Governments and the scientific
community have been working on these
issues.
Definition of Food Security:
According to Food and Agriculture
Organization of United States (FAO),
this definition indicates 4 terms of food
security which are food availability, food
access, utilization and stability:
Food availability; procurability of
qualified food from local products or
import.
Food access; having adequate
opportunities to take nourishment
(purchase the food, production of food,
government aid, gather from natural
environment )
Utilization: This term is about conscious
of food. If conscious of food is low,
people keep away from this food.
Stability: Every people have to have
opportunity to access enough food
whenever they want.
The GCC is another significant issue
for humankind. It is caused by burning
of fossil-fuels and putting out of
greenhouse gasses (also known as
heat-trapping gasses) into the air.
What is Greenhouse effect?
These gasses do not allow the sun rays
to leave atmosphere and this causes
heat increasing. This increase is known
as greenhouse effect.
Impact of Greenhouse effect;
Because of greenhouse effect, sea ices
melt, ocean level rises and after these
phase, in long term, it is expected that
there will be drought and lack of
water(Global Climate Change: Vital
Signs of the Planet, 2015).
This situation named as global climate
change

Change in CO2 concentration and

importance of this change;
CO2 is the one of example of heattrapping gasses. CO2 concentration has
been increasing because of human
activities and industrial activities. Due to
the raise of industrial activities,
concentration of CO2 have been
continuously increasing since 1960s
(Figure 1).

Figure 1. Changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration in time

(Earth System Research Laboratory, 2015).

Table 1. Effect of different CO2, Mg and K treatment on number of

spikes per plant, total biomass, grain yield and 100 seeds weight in
wheat.

Treatmen Replic
Treatment-I
t-II
ate no

According to IPCC (2014), CO2

concentration that is about 400 ppm
now, will be 700 ppm by the end of the
21st century.
Changes in CO2 concentration have a
significant role about plant production.
Other important issues about food
production;
There are some components that have
effect on production such as Mg
(Magnesium) and K (Potassium).
Mg mineral has important role at
photosynthesis because chlorophyll
molecules contain Mg+2. In case of Mg
deficiency, chlorophyll molecules
cannot work well, so that the plant
cannot produce sufficient nutrition. Also
plant uses K for respiration and
photosynthesis. Therefore, decreasing
of K percentage can cause less
nutrition production. (Minerals in Plants,
2015).

METHODS
In this research, we use wheat plant and
found that what will be happened in case
of Mg and K deficiency under 400 ppm
and 700 ppm of CO2 concentration. The
wheats were grew up under different
environment conditions in special rooms.
To obtain more accurate data, 3 different
wheats were planted for each conditions.
Then their spikes were collected and
dried.
07.10.2015: We counted number of
spikes per plant and weighed dry
samples to measure dry matter yield.
14.10.2015 21.10.2015: We separated
seed off from spikes by using thresher
machine.
Spikes were threshed using the thresher
machine to clean the seeds from the
spike.
11.11.2015: We count 100 seeds from
each plant to find average weight of
seeds. After all of these process, we
reach these data as shown in Table 1.

Number of
Spikes per
plant

Total
Grain
Bioma
yield
ss
(g/plan
(g/pla
t)
nt)

100
seeds
weight
(g/100
seeds)

Ambient CO2
(400 mol
mol-1)

Control

5,25

12,3

4,71

4,24

Ambient CO2
(400 mol
mol-1)

Control

5,00

11,9

5,67

3,50

Ambient CO2
(400 mol
mol-1)

Control

5,75

12,8

6,07

3,45

Ambient CO2
(400 mol
mol-1)

Mg
deficient

5,00

11,6

5,78

4,28

Ambient CO2
(400 mol
mol-1)

Mg
deficient

4,75

11,3

5,56

3,31

Ambient CO2
(400 mol
mol-1)

Mg
deficient

4,00

10,3

5,02

2,97

Ambient CO2
K deficient
(400 mol
-1
mol )

2,50

4,0

1,32

2,63

Ambient CO2
K deficient
(400 mol
-1
mol )

2,75

4,6

1,43

3,12

Ambient CO2
K deficient
(400 mol
mol-1)

2,75

4,1

1,30

2,27

Elevated CO2
(700 mol
mol-1)

Control

4,50

11,2

7,47

4,30

Elevated CO2
(700 mol
mol-1)

Control

6,25

16,3

7,25

3,80

Elevated CO2
(700 mol
mol-1)

Control

6,25

16,0

6,52

4,25

Elevated CO2
(700 mol
mol-1)

Mg
deficient

5,75

14,3

6,67

4,01

Elevated CO2
(700 mol
mol-1)

Mg
deficient

5,00

13,3

6,13

3,48

Elevated CO2
(700 mol
mol-1)

Mg
deficient

5,25

14,3

7,10

3,89

Elevated CO2
K deficient
(700 mol
-1
mol )

3,50

5,8

2,54

2,71

Elevated CO2
K deficient
(700 mol
-1
mol )

4,00

5,8

2,18

2,26

Elevated CO2
K deficient
(700 mol
mol-1)

3,50

5,8

2,22

2,69

RESULTS
Bu blmde, proje sonular ve yaplan neriler ksaca
sunulmaldr ve Arial 22 punto ile yazlmaldr. alma
sonucunda

ne/neler

elde

edildii

maddeler

halinde

verilmelidir.
nemli bulgular ok ak ve vurgulayc bir biimde
belirtilmelidir.
Aratrmacnn, bu alma srasnda eksiklikleri (varsa)
vurgulanmal

ve

dier

aratrclara

neriler

olarak

sunulmaldr.

CONCLUSION

References
Earth System Research Laboratory, 2015. Retrieved November 29,
2015 from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/
FAO, 2006. Food Security. Retrieved November 29, 2015 from
http://www.fao.org/forestry/131280e6f36f27e0091055bec28ebe830f46b3.pdf
Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet, 2015. Retrieved
November 29, 2015 from http://climate.nasa.gov
IPCC, 2014. Carbon Dioxide: Projected Emissions and
Concentrations. Retrieved November 29, 2015 from http://www.ipccdata.org/observ/ddc_co2.html
Minerals in Plants, 2011. Retrieved November 29, 2015 from
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_gateway_pre
_2011/greenworld/plantmineralsrev1.shtml
World Food Summit - Plan of Action, 1996. Retrieved November
29, 2015 from
http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/w3613e/w3613e00.htm