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RESUSCITATION
Rescue Breathing
RESCUE BREATHING
mouth to mouth (adult & child)
mouth to nose (adult & child)
mouth to mouth and nose (infant)
mouth to stoma
mouth to face shield
mouth to face mask
ambubag
CARDIAC ARREST
Circulation ceases and vital organs are
deprived of oxygen
CPR
This is a combination of chest
compressions and rescue breathing,
combined for effective resuscitation of the
victim of cardiac arrest
CPR
Compression Area & Depth
Adult/Child – center of the chest; nipple line
1 ½ to 2 inches; 1 to 1 1/2
Infant – 1 finger between the imaginary nipple
½ to 1 inch
How to compress?
Heel of 1 hand, other on top – adult
Heel of 1 hand, other hand on top.
Or heel of 1 hand – child
2 fingers (middle & ring fingertips) – infant
I. Getting Started
Planning of action
Gathering the materials needed
Remember the initial response as follows
A - Ask for help
I - Intervene
D - Do no further harm
Instruction to helpers/ bystanders
EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES
Survey the scene:
Is the scene safe?
What happened?
How many people are injured?
Are there bystanders who can help?
Identify yourself as a Trained CPR
provider.
Get consent to give care.
EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES
Activate Medical Assistance
Call First and Care First
A bystander should make a
telephone call for help
(if available)
Somebody will be asked to
arrange for transfer facility.
EMERGENCY ACTION
PRINCIPLES
Information to be remembered in activating medical
assistance:
What happened?
Location?
Number of person/s injured?
Extent of injury and First Aid given?
The telephone number from where you are calling?
Person who activated medical assistance must
identify himself and drop the phone last.
III. PRIMARY SURVEY
Check for:
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Deformity
Ways in Opening airway:
Head Tilt- Chin- Lift Maneuver- no spinal
injury
Jaw- Thrust Maneuver- Spinal Injury
Check for breathing 5- 10 sec
Check for Circulation 5- 10 sec
IV. SECONDARY SURVEY
Interview the victim- if conscious
allergy
medications
past history
last meal taken
event prior to injury
Check vital signs
blood pressure
temperature
pulse rate
respiratory rate
oxygen saturation- if pulse
oxymeter is available
Perform Head-to-toe Examination
Contusion Burn
Abrasion Tenderness
Laceration
Puncture
Swelling
Deformity
Do obtain consent as possible.
Do think worst.
Do identify yourself to the victim.
Do provide comfort and emotional
support.
Do respect the victim’s privacy.
Do be as calm and direct as
possible.
Do care for the most serious injuries
first.
Do loosen tight clothing.
Do not let the victim see his own injury
Do not leave the victim alone except to get
help.
Do not assume that the victim’s obvious
injuries are the only ones.
Do not make any unrealistic promises.
Do not trust the judgment of a confused victim
and require them to make decisions.
CRITERIA FOR NOT STARTING
CPR
DNR order
Advance Directives
No physiological benefit
S – Spontaneous sign of
circulation is restored
T – turn over to medical services
O – operator is exhausted
P – physician assumes
responsibility (declares death)
S – scene becomes unsafe
Survey the scene
30 compression: 2 breathes
1 and 2 and 3- 10, 11, 12,
13- 20 and 1 and 2 and 3- 9
and 2
2 breathes