AGAMA dan budaya

CONFUCIANISME
TERKENAL PADA
DINASTI CHOU
(551SM ).
PENGASAS KUNG FU
TZE.
ORANG PERTAMA
MEMPERKENALKAN
PENDIDIKAN.
AJARAN
BERASASKAN PRINSIPPRINSIP HIDUP YANG
BAIK.

Confucius
Born in a poor family in the
year 551 B.C., and he was
born in the state of Lu.
Original name was K'ung
Ch'iu.
Made many wise phrases
and theories about the law,
life, and the government.
Philosophy is a kind of a
system of ideas and
thoughts that talk about the
human's behavior
3

Confucianism

Started during warring states (403-221BC) Zhou dynasty

Means of transforming the violence and conflict into

stability
Founded by Kung Fu Tzu/Master Kung/Confucius
Teacher not a religious leader
Educated in political life and was a scholar and adviser
of feudal lords
Concerned civil morality- how people should live,
behave towards each other & good government
As a state person hope to put his ideas for reforming
the state into practice
Left the job after his effort failed and founded the 1 st
private school in China

Confucianism

Five basic relationships:

Ruler and subjects,
Father and son,
Husband and wife,

Older and younger brothers,

Members of a community

Believed that each person must adopted the real ideas of

jen (humanity)
People are fundamentally good
Reform state:
Virtues - courtesy, generosity, good faith, hard work &
kindness

Confucianism

People should respect ones social superiors-elders and

ancestors
Purpose of government & rulers - Care for people
State be governed by aristocracy of the talent and not
birth
Knowledge was the key to happiness and successful
conduct
Utopia- re-division of the land was not possible
As a pacifists- declared that a true gentleman is a man of
wisdom & virtue whatever his social origin

TAONISME

PENGASAS LAO

TZE & CHUANG TZU.

TERKANDUNG
DALAM BUKU TOA TE
CHING.
AJARAN
MENEKANKAN
KEHARMONIAN ALAM
SEMESTA.
MEMPUNYAI
LAMBANG YING

Taoism/Daoism

Lao, Keeper of archives in the state of Zhou

Dao-means way (way of virtue and nature)
Individual is important Individual seeks harmony with the universe renouncing

all artificial connections

Government
Out of harmony with nature and the ultimate
Believed that government interference & source of
iniquity and that if people were left to live by intuition
they would live in harmony
Purpose of the government was to promote human
happiness

Taoism/Daoism

Emphasized virtues:
Do nothing (humble, meditate) but get in line with
nature, universe and the ultimate (Dao)
Avoid pursuit of wealth, political power & learning
Best society is the simple preliterate (no written
language) society life synchronized with rhythms and
nature
Fishing than work
Confucius and Legalist worked to change things
never worked
Nature made of Yin and Yang
Yin- female
Yang- Male
Complement each other

Legalism

Founded by Han Faizi (233BC)

People are fundamentally bad- (Machiavellian idea), evil,

selfish & untrustworthy by nature

People are motivate by greed & fear
Government:
Wealthy & powerful state with absolute ruler who will
control unruly people with harsh laws & cruel
punishments
Concern- power & wealth not welfare
Peoples lives shaped by interest of the state
Rulers reward those who conform and punish those
who do not

10

Legalism

Rulers could not rule by moral example

People could not be trusted to be good, instead rulers

must derive power from strict laws & force

Occupation:
Agriculture and wars
No Formal education:

Study of history, classical or philosophy- make

people think become discontent & rebellious
Appointments:
Legalist administrators & promotions merit
Policies that would keep the whole nation productive at
work for the good of the state

11

BUDDH
A
DIASASKAN OLEH SIDDHARTA GAUTAMA.
BERMULA PADA DINASTI HAN OLEH PEMERINTAH

MAHARAJA MING TI (596-664 SM).

DIBAWA MASUK DARI INDIA OLEH HSUAN-TSANG.
AGAMA TERBAHAGI 4 ALIRAN :

TIAN TAI ZONG

WEI SI XONG
HUA YUEN ZONG
ZEN DU ZONG

BUDDHISM
3 DHARMA SEALS
1. Dukkha we can never be satisfied
2. Annica the world is in flux/instability
3. Annata there is no soul or self
4 NOBLE TRUTHS
All life (universal) is suffering (duhkha).
Expectation from desire is the root of suffering (duhkha samudaya).
Desire must be renounced (duhkha nirodha).
Renunciation can be achieved by following the 8 fold path (duhkha nirodha marga).

13

BUDDHISM
THE MIDDLE WAY

Buddhist practice moderation and non-extremism. They walk

a path between austerity and indulgence.

THE EIGHT-FOLD PATH (JALAN LAPAN LAPIS)

Right views (Understanding/Outlook)

Right resolves/aspiration (Dream/Ambition)
Right speech (Communication)
Right conduct (Action/Behavior/Attitude)
Right livelihood (Living)
Right effort (Attempt)
Right recollection (Mental/Memory/Remembrance)
Right meditation (Contemplation & Reflection)

14

AGAMA ISLAM
Sampai di Negera China

pada tahun pada Dinasti

Tang.
Kehadiran 4 orang sahabat
iaitu Saad b. Abi Waqqas,
Qais bin Hudhaifah, Urwah
bin Abi Uthman, Abu Qais
bin Al-Harith utusan dari
pada Khalifah Uthman ibn
Affan untuk berdakwah.
Terlebih dahulu tiba di Fujian
dan Canton.
Menerusi jalan laut dan jalan
darat/silk road.

KEBUDAYAAN DALAM
TAMADUN CHINA
KONSEP WU XING
LOGAM
KAYU
API
AIR
TANAH

KONSEP WARISAN
KONSEP REN.
KONSEP LI.
KONSEP ZHON

YONG.
KONSEP
ZHONG.
KONSEP SHU.
KONSEP YI.

ISTILAH-ISTILAH DALAM
TAMADUN CINA
Ren : kasih sayang, kemanusiaan, cinta, prinsip
hubungan manusia dengan manusia.
Yi : kewajaran, keadilan dan perkara yang sepatut
kita lakukan.
Li : peradaban, kesopanan, tatasusila, budi pekerti,
peraturan perlakuan akhlak.
Zhi : kebijaksanaan.
Xin : kepercayaan dan amanah.
Xiao : berbakti, mendengar perintah kedua orang
tua.
Zhong : ketaatan, patuh, tidak berbelah bagi.
Shu : kemaafan.
Tian : Hu han, alam langit.

Jatidiri Masyarakat Cina

Kuat

mempertahankan
budaya nenek
moyang.
Menganggap diri
mereka lebih
bertamadun
daripada bangsa
lain.
Amat menghargai
hasil minda (idea)
orang lain.
Amat mengambil
berat tentang
sejarah dan

Norma Sosial masyarakat China

Mementingkan hirarki sosial.
Mengutamakan hubungan

kekeluargaan.
Pematuhan dan Pengaplikasian
norma sosial.
menjadi asas kepada kewujudan
keharmonian sosial.
Prinsip Lima Hubungan (wu lun)
adalah teras hubungan sosial.

Susunlapis masyarakat
dibahagi kepada 4 peringkat:
kaum pelajar.
kaum tani.
kaum pekerja.
kaum pedagang.
Dalam budaya Cina, setiap dinasti

dalam
mentadbir negara menganggap rakyat
sebagai
paling asas iaitu memberi perhatian
tentang
keadaan rakyat dan menyelesaikan

Type
MEDICINE

Description
YING & YANG

In the study of Chinese medicine, we are well when the Yin and Yang
of our body is in a state of balance. But when the body body goes out
of balance or when when there is too much Yin or Yang, we fall sick.
The aim is to keep the body in balance. This is the basic Yin Yang
concept.

Yin:
Yang:

22

Type

Description
WU XING

Wu Xing terdiri daripada lima elemen

iaitu logam, kayu, air, api dan tanah.
Konsep ini saling mengawal dan saling
mengatasi antara satu sama lain
seperti api dengan air

23

Wu Xing concept in Science

24