EDSC 145 History and Philosophy of Science

(GREEK CIVILIZATION)
Presented by:
Ariane Bagares
Earl Kevin Cooper
Jane Elda Tolosa
Ej Kathleen Mae Enson

The Ancient Greece

Ancient Greek
Civilization, the period
following the Mycenaean
civilization which ended
about 1200 BCE, to the
death of Alexander the
great in 323 BCE.
The civilization of
Ancient Greece emerged
into the light of the world
history in the 8th century
BC. Normally it is regarded
to as coming to an end
when Greece fell to

Greece and the Birth of Science

The Greeks developed
philosophy as a way of
understanding the world around
them, without resorting
religion, myth or magic. The
Greek approach to thinking
about nature is the greatest
breakthrough ever made in
human thought.
Science in Ancient
Greece was based on logical
thinking and mathematics. It
was also based on technology
and everyday life.

Ancient Greece: Its Science and

Cultural Contributions
Greeks made many
contributions to world
civilization. Their
accomplishments
resulted, in part,
because of an important
religious belief.
The Greeks felt that
their gods were honored
if people try to imitate
Religious
Practices
them.

Although most Greeks held

similar religious beliefs,
there was no single Greek

Each city-state worshipped its

own God. Officials in each polis are
in charged of public feasts and
sacrifices.
In their own homes, heads of
families prayed and offered
sacrifices
to the
Greek Priests
areGods.
called ORACLES.
Greeks went to the ORACLES for advice for
they believed that ORCALES are persons who
could speak to the Gods.
The advice was generally given in a form
PROPHECY, a statement for what might happen
in the future. The person seeking advice had to
decide what he or she believed to be the true
meaning of the prophecy.

The Delphic Oracle.

The most popular oracle
was the priestess in the
temple at Delphi. The
Greeks believed that
Delphi was the center of
the world, and they built
many temples and other
buildings there (right).
The painting of the
Delphic Oracle (left)
shows her offering a
prophecy to a Greek
man.

Gods and Goddesses of Olympus

During the Golden Age, the Greeks
worshiped the gods of mount Olympus.
There were 12 major gods and
goddesses with specific duties to carry
out.

ZEUS
Ruler of Mount Olympus
and the King of the Gods.
He is also the God of the
Weather .

Aphrodite
The Goddess of LOVE and BEAUTY

Apollo
He is the God of the
Sun and a Patron of truth,
music, archery, medicine
and prophecy.

Ares
He is the God of WAR.

Artemis
She is the
Goddess of the
moon and a mighty
hunter and rainier
of arrows . She is
also considered to
as the guardian of
cities, young
animals and women.

Athena
She is the Goddess of
wisdom and the City God
of Athens. She happens to
be the daughter of Zeus
and the protector's of war.

Demeter
She is the Goddess of
Crops and happens to be
the giver fruits and
grains.

Dionysus
He is the God of
Fertility and of joyous life
and hospitality and wild
things.

Hephaestus
He is the God of fire
and artisans. He is the
husband of Aphrodite.

Hera
She is the wife of Zeus
and the protector of
marriage, children and
home.

Hermes
He is the God of orators,
writers and commerce. He is
also the messenger of the
mortals and the son of Zeus.

Poseidon
He is the Gods of the
sea and earthquakes

Hades
He is the God of the
underworld and the king of
the dead. He is also the
brother of Poseidon and Zeus.

Most ancient people feared their Gods. They

believed that people were put on Earth only to obey and
served Gods.
They placed importance on the worth of individual
because they believed in their own value. They had a
great deal of self-respect.
They approached their gods with dignity. They built
temples to honor their gods.

Greeks believed that temples was the

gods home, they did not enter it. They
prayed outside as a sign of respect.

The Olympic Games

Every four years, in the middle of summer, a
festival was held in Olympia to honor the God Zeus.
Olympia is actually a group of temples and arenas built
in fields.
The festival was known as the Olympic games. It
was the most important sporting event in Greece.
Athletes came all over Greece and from Greek colonies
in Africa, Italy and Asia Minor.

The Olympics were made up of many events.

Like:
> Chariot Race
> Boxing
> Pancratium
> Pentathlon
Fun Facts:

According to legend, King Pelops founded

the Olympics to repay Zeus for helping him
win a chariot race and gain Hippodameia, a
rival kings daughter. Hippodameia then
began Heraia, a festival honoring Zeus wife
Hera. The Heraia held at the same time as
the Olympics gave women a chance t

The Theater
The theater grew out of festivals
given in honor of God Dionysus about
600 BC.
The first Greek plays were
TRAGEDIES. It is a story without happy
ending.

Three Great Writers of Tragedies

(left to right) Sophocles, Aeschylus, and Euripides

Soon after the development of

TRAGEDY, a second play came into
being.
It was COMEDY. It is a play with
happy endings or the story itself and
characters.
Fun Facts:
The idea of having
audiences sit around
the stage to watch a
play started with the
Greeks.
Today, people go
to theaters to watch
everything from plays
to movies, to rock

The Great Writer of COMEDY

plays at that time is
Aristophanes.

Greece: And the Quest

to Science
Among the things that Greeks placed
great importance was intellect, or the ability
to reason out. They thought that intellect
should be used to its fullest.
To Greeks, studying the laws and of
nature and loving wisdom were the same
thing. They called it PHILOSOPHIA.
Greeks were known of being a
scientist and philosopher. Much of what they
know is based on one thoughts of the
Greeks.

Great Philosophers of
Ancient Greece

Socrates

Fun Facts:

He invented a form of
asking a person step-by-step
to arrive a certain truth. It is
named after him- THE

A 70-year old Athenian

philosopher who was
interested in the thinking
process. Socrates gave up
private business so he
could spend his time
searching for truth.
He believed that people
could discover truth if they
know how to think.

Plato
An Athenian aristocrat who claims
to be one of the pupils of Socrates.
Since Socrates left with no
writings, Plato recorded all the
speeches of Socrates made in trial
and just before his death.

Aristotle

He is one of Platos brightest student.

He founded his own school and published
more than 200 books before he died.
He added to the ideas of Thales of
mellitus about the popular method known
today- THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD.
Aristotle also made LOGIC or the
science of reasoning.

Discoveries and Inventions of

Ancient Greece
Greeks were not looking for ways to make life
easier or better. They were trying to add to their
store of knowledge. They had none of the tools
scientists has today.
Their curiosity led Greek scientist to discover
that natural event not because the way their gods
behave. They also learned that the world is
governed by natural laws that people can discover
The First Greek scientist was Thales of
and understand.
Miletus who developed the first two steps of
scientific method and predicted an eclipse
of the sun 585 BCE.

Other Great Greek

Scientists

Archimedes
He explained the
principle of a lever in the
field of Mathematics.

Aristarchus
He studied astronomy and
concluded that Earth revolves

Anaximander
He is in the field of Astronomy
and pioneered concept of Earth
as a body suspended in space.

Eratosthenes
He figured the earths
circumference within 200 miles or
320 kilometers. He also made the
map that shows the accurate
continents longitude and latitudethe Asia, Africa and Europe.

Euclid
He is a Mathematician. He
collected and organize all existing
knowledge of geometry. He also
developed fundamental rules
used now in modern geometry.

Hipparchus
Studied Astronomy and created
system of celestial mechanics to
explain how heavenly bodies
moves.

Hippocrates
He is considered the Father and
Founder of Medicine.

Ptolemy
He developed the Hipparchus
model of system of celestial
mechanics through
mathematics.

Pythagoras
He is a Mathematician
sought to explain the
nature of all things through
mathematical terms.
Indeed, the Greek Civilization contributed a lot of
things that will be forever used in the World
Civilization using the modern technology and
science.
Their undying culture and traditions still
transmits ideas throughout the world.
Through the Greek Civilization, we were able to
understand not just the human nature but also
nature itself in accordance to what man has

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