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dan
Pertuturan (Telinga dan Tekak)
( 2 hour)
25 February 2010
Dr Zuraida Zainun,
Audiology Program, School of Health Sciences
(PPSK), Health Campus USM
16150 Kubang Kerian
drzuraida@yahoo.com
Specific Objective
At the end of this lecture, students should be able to;
Peripheral Central
www.unmc.edu/Physiology/Mann/mann9.html
The inner ear organ- cross sectional
• Fluid
1- Endolymph ~
membranous
labyrinth
2- Perilymph ~ bony
labyrinth
• Vestibular hair cells
Anatomical view
http://scienceblogs.com/afarensis/2006/05/16/bipedal_locomotion_and_semicir/
The Peripheral
Vestibular System
The Peripheral Vestibular System
A - Semicircular canal
(ampulla is a sensory organ)
i)Anterior/ Superior
ii)Posterior
iii)Lateral/Horizontal
i) Utricle
ii) Saccule
The Labyrinthine Fluid
• The endolymph and the perilymph
• Not mix.
• Endolymph
a unique ionic composition
Na+ content is low
K+ content is high
Resemble intracellular rather than extracellular
fluid
Produced by the dark cells of the cristae and
maculae, which are separated by a transitional zone
from the neuroepithelium
Absorption of endolymph is the endolymphatic
sac, (connected to the utricle and saccule by means
of the endolymphatic, utricular, and saccular ducts)
Studies of the obstruction of the endolymphatic
duct will lead to endolymphatic hydrops.
Cont…
• Perilymph
Composition of perilymph equal to
extracellular fluid and cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF)
The site of production is ? —it might be
an ultrafiltrate of blood, CSF, or both
Perilymph leaves the ear by draining
through venules and through the middle
ear mucosa.
Vestibular hair cells
• Type 1 and 2.
• Type 1 ~ similar to inner hair cells of
the organ of Corti
• Type 2 ~ similar to outer hair cells of
the organ of Corti
Vestibular hair cells
Type 1
Type 2
• Flash shape
• One calyx nerve ending
• Cylindrical
synapse with one or two • Multiple vestibular
to four hair cells nerve fibrers
• Afferent nerve fibres (multiple efferent
(the largest nerve
fibres(~20µm diameter)/ and afferent nerve
chalice-like vestibular synapses)
nerve fibre • Fast kinetics
• Slow kinetics
Alignment of hair cells of SCC
• Saccular maculae
-vertical plane
-toward striola
-vertical (head to toe),
linear acceleration
www.medicine.mcgill.ca/.../Notes209.htm
Alignment of hair cells of Otolith organ
Bioelectric Events
• Angular
head
movement
Kinocilium
A- Semicircular canal
http://www.nsbri.org/HumanPhysSpace/focus7/ep_structure.html
Rotational movements
ANGULAR
ROLL YAW
/PITCH
http://www.nsbri.org/HumanPhysSpace/focus7/ep_structure.html
Cont…
http://www.tc.gc.ca/civilaviation/systemsafety/newsletters/tp202/2-04/images/069a.jpg
Cont..
Roll
Angular
/Pitch Yaw
http://www.americanflyers.net/aviationlibrary/instrument_flying_handbook/images/Chapters%201%20to%207_img_6.jpg
B - Otolith organ
http://www.neurocreative.net/sci-art/Vestibular_Otoliths.jpg
Function of the otolith organ
• Linear
movement
• Gravitational
pull
• Maintain static
equilibrium
http://www.nsbri.org/HumanPhysSpace/focus7/ep_structure.html
Cont..