Compact Coupled Circularly Polarized

Patch Antenna for Medical Applications

Supervised by:
Professor Dr. Md. Mostafizur
Rahman

Presented By:
Sharmila Taluckder
Roll no:1109041
Course no:4000

OUTLINES

Introduction
General structure of patch
Feeding methods
Coupling & circular polarization
Antenna design & description
Simulation & parameter calculation
Results
Future work
Conclusions

INTRODUCTION

A single-fed coupled circularly polarized patch

antenna is designed & experimentally demonstrated.

Proposed antenna has good circular polarization

property & biocompatibility issue is addressed in
proposed design.

Main goal to design compact antenna for medical

application

Patch antenna used because they are versatile in

terms of impedance, polarization & pattern.

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF PATCH ANTENNA

Fig. 1: General structure of patch

Consists of radiating patch, dielectric substrate, feed & ground plane

Radiating patch is metallic sheet may be of many geometric shape
Ground plane is metal where radiating patch is mounted.
Dielectric substrate is low loss insulating material where antenna
shapes are printed
4

FEEDING METHODS
Two types of feeding methods in patch antennaContacting methods: RF power fed directly to radiating patch
using connecting element.
1. Micro-strip line feed
2. Coaxial probe feed
Non-contacting methods: Power transferred between micro-strip
line & radiating patch through electromagnetic coupling.
1. Aperture coupling feed
2. Proximity coupling feed

MICROSTRIP LINE FEED

Fig.2: Micro-strip line feed

Conducting strip connected directly to the edge of patch

Smaller in width as compared to patch

Advantage:
Can be etched on same substrate
Easy feeding scheme & simplicity un modeling
Disadvantage:
As thickness of dielectric substrate increases, it
hampers the bandwidth of antenna

COAXIAL PROBE FEED

Fig.3:Coaxial probe feed

Inner conductor of coaxial connector extends through dielectric &

soldered to radiating patch.

Outer conductor connected to ground plane.

Advantages:
Can be placed any desired location inside patch
Easy to fabricate & low spurious radiation
Disadvantages:
Narrow bandwidth & difficult to model
Input impedance become more inductive for thicker substrates

COUPLING & CIRCULAR POLARIZATION

Coupling:
coupling

between two patch is a function of position of one element

relative to the other.
successful attempts have been made using transmission-line model &
cavity model but difficult to do.

Fig.4: E-plane & H-plane arrangement

When

elements are placed collinearly along E-plane, called E-plane arrangement .

When

elements are placed collinearly along H-plane ,called H-plane arrangement

CONTINUE
Circular polarization: Electric field varies in two orthogonal
planes with same magnitude & 90 degree phase difference.

When phases are 0 & -90 degree ,called Right hand circular
polarization.
When phases are 0 & 90 degree ,called Left hand circular
polarization.

Single feed arrangement can be obtained introducing slight perturbation by truncating

patch corners,
adding tails and cutting cross slots ,
adopting aperture-coupled feeding
configurations
cutting gap to a loop antenna
Fig. 5: Single feed
CP

ANTENNA DESIGN
40mm

10mm

5mm

40mm
8mm

10mm
Single

10mm

feed

Fig.6:Top views of proposed

antenna
10

ANTENNA DESCRIPTION
In the proposed antenna design concept is something like sandwich.
have a top FR-4 substrate then Ground plane at the middle and
then Teflon at the bottom.
Teflon isolates ground plane from human body, to avoid direct
electrical contact..
Four small patches connected to small square loop with coupling.
Antenna is fed at quadrant IV.
Single Feed circular polarization is obtained from coaxial probe
feed.
Feeding arrangement:
Outer cover is metal called Cover pin & used for ground.
At middle is called Teflon pin & used for isolating ground and
main feed
At centre is Metal pin and used for main signal.
11

SIMULATION & PARAMETER CALCULATION

Fig.7: S-parameter curve

S-parameter: represents how much power is reflected from the antenna.

If S11=0 dB, all the power is reflected from antenna and nothing is radiated.
If S11=-10 dB, implies that if 3 dB of power is delivered to antenna, -7 dB is
reflected power
For ideal antenna ,S11 is less than -10 dB.
12

CONTINUE.

Fig.8: VSWR of proposed antenna

Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR): Describes how well

antenna is
impedance matched to transmission line.
Minimum value of VSWR is 1, hence no power is reflected from
the antenna.
In proposed antenna, value of VSWR is 1.57
13

CONTINUE
Reflection
coefficient:.

Describes amount of power reflected from antenna

Reflection coefficient,() =
Reflected power in dB = 20 log ()

Mismatch loss:
Amount of power is lost due to impedance mismatch
Mismatch loss in dB = 10log(1- )
Antenna efficiency:
Relates power delivered to antenna & radiated or
dissipated within antenna.
If most power is radiated ,antenna is high efficient
If most power is absorbed as losses, antenna is low
efficient.
Total efficiency
Radiation efficiency.

14

CONTINUE

Fig.9: Far-field gain plot polar

Antenna Gain:

Describes how much power is transmitted in direction of

peak radiation of isotropic source.
When no direction specified, gain is understood to the
peak value radiation.
Gain of proposed antenna is -0.397 dB.

15

CONTINUE

Fig.10: Far-field directivity polar

Directivity:
Measures power density of antenna radiates in direction
of its strongest emission, versus power density radiated
by idealisotropic radiator.
Directivity of proposed antenna is 7.67 dBi.
16

CONTINUE.

Fig.11:Axial ratio plot

Axial
ratio:
It is the ratio of orthogonal components of an E-field.
From this figure, axial ratio is 2.67 dB
Axial ratio 3dB means circular polarization
17

RESULTS

Resonant frequency= (5 - 5.1 )GHz

S11= -13.97dB
VSWR= 1.57dB
Reflection coefficient= 0.2
Reflected power = -13.97dB
Mismatch loss= -0.1773 dB
Gain= -0.397dB
Directivity= 7.67dBi
Radiation efficiency= -8 dB
Total efficiency= -12.4 dB
Axial ratio= 2.67 dB
18

FUTURE WORK
Modify
Modify antenna
antenna configuration
configuration

Shift
Shift resonant
resonant frequency
frequency to
to medical
medical
band
band

Implement
Implement proposed
proposed antenna
antenna in
in
human
human body
body

Comparison
Comparison of
of simulated
simulated &
&
measured
measured results
results
19

CONCLUSION

An single feed circular polarized patch antenna is

proposed with coupling for medical application.

The biocompatibility issue is addressed in

antenna by using TEFLON as substrate below
ground plane.

Return loss, Voltage standing wave ratio,

Reflection coefficient, Gain, Efficiency have been
studied and simulated.

Also mentioned the future work to improve

proposed antenna for medical application.

20

REFERENCES

www.antenna-theory.com
Antenna theory analysis and design by
CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS
www.wikipedia.com
W. Greatbatch and C. F. Homlmes, History of implantable devices,
IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 3841, Sep. 1991.
G. J. S. and N. H. Lovell, CMOS neurostimulation ASIC with
100 channels, scaleable output, and bidirectional radio- frequency
telemetry.
Z. M. Chen, K. W. Cheng, Y. J. Zheng, and M. Je, A 3.4 mW 54.24
Mbps burst-mode injection-locked CMOS FSK transmitter, in Proc.
IEEE Asian Solid State Circuits Conf., Nov. 1416, 2011, pp. 289292.
F. Merli, B. Fuchs, J. R. Rosig, and A. K. Skrivervik, The effect of
insulating layers on the performance of implanted antennas, IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 2131, Jan. 2011.

21

THANK YOU ALL

22