MICROPROCESSOR

Rufo I. Marasigan Jr.

INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLER
AND MICROPROCESSOR

REVIEW OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Peopleware

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT OF
COMPUTER SYSTEM
1. Input/Output Unit (I/O).
Allows the user to move data to
and from the computer and its
external environment.
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU).
Control the sequence of all
information exchange within the
computer and outside via
input
and output devices.
3. Memory Unit
Consist of cells that is capable of
holding data or instructions.

TYPES OF MEMORY IN
EMBEDDED APPLICATIONS

HIERARCHY OF MEMORY

TYPICAL COMPUTER BLOCK

DIAGRAM

BUS SYSTEM
Mainly computer has two types of busses:
1. Internal Bus (System Bus). A Bus or
set of wires which connects the various
components inside a computer
a) Data Bus
b) address Bus
c) Address Bus

2. External Bus (Expansion Bus). Bus or

set
of wires which is used to
connect
outer peripherals or components to

TWO KNOWN BUS

ARCHITECTURE

VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE

HARVARD ARCHITECTURE

VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE

VS HARVARD ARCHITECTURE
Instruction and data are in
same memory
One shared memory for
instructions & data with one
data bus and one address
bus between processor and
memory
Slower but more flexible

Instruction and data are in

separate memory.
Use physically separate
memories for instructions and
data requiring dedicated
busses for each of them
Much faster since instruction
and operands can be fetched
simultaneously.

INSTRUCTION SET ARCHITECTURE

(ISA)
Describes the aspect of a computer architecture visible to programmer.
Specification of the set of all binary codes, OP codes that are the native
form of commands implemented by a particular CPU design.
Two common type of ISA:
1. Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC).
2. Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC).

CISC

RISC

2 operands format
instructions; have source and
destinations.

Reduced of instruction set.

Instructions require multiple

clock cycle to execute.

One Instruction per clock

cycle.

Complex instructions decoding

logic.

Single clock reduced

instructions.

Small number of general

purpose registers.

Register-to-Register load &

store independent instructions.

Multi-clock complex
instructions.

Low cycles per second of large

code size.

Memory-to-memory load and

store incorporated
instructions.

Spend more transistor or

memory registers.

Small codes size, high cycle

per second

Instruction pipelining,

MICROPROCESSOR
A device that integrates the functions of the central processing unit (CPU) of a
computer into one semiconductor chip or integrated circuit.
Microprocessor is an IC which has only the CPU inside them i.e. only the
processing powers such as Intels Pentium 1,2,3,4, core 2 duo, i3, i5 etc. These
microprocessors dont have RAM, ROM, and other peripheral on the chip.

MICROPROCESSOR TIMELINE

MICROCONTROLLER
A device that integrates the functions of the central processing unit (CPU)
of a computer into one semiconductor chip or integrated circuit.
Microcontroller has CPU inside with a fixed amount of RAM, ROM and other
peripherals all embedded on a single chip

ADVANTAGES OF
MICROCONTROLLER
Microcontroller are inexpensive allowing student
to build and create individual take home project.
Microcontrollers are easily replaceable in the
event that they are accidentally destroyed.
Development tools are typically free or
significantly discounted for promotional
purpose; they have minimal computing
resources requirements.
Microcontrollers I/O ports are easily accessible in
comparison with PC I/O.
Microcontrollers can be easily interface to other
electronic circuits or devices.

HISTORY OF
MICROCONTROLLERS
Five
thousandTransistors

1970

3000 bits of program

memory,

1971
Gary Boone. Texas Instruments Engineer

TMS1802NC

128 bits of random

access memory, and
could be programmed
to perform different
functions.

MICROCONTROLLER

QUESTIONS?

SEATWORK
After the separation of the development of microcontroller
and microprocessor, which of the two is can be considered
successful?
Scholarly justify your answer.

***(Rubric for essay will be use)