Submitted by:

Pabitra Sonowal
POW/13/IT/018
INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

Contents

Introduction
Working of WIMAX
IEEE 802.16 standard
802.16 Architecture
IEEE 802.16 Specifications
Features of WIMAX
Advantages of WIMAX over WIFI
WIMAX vs. 3G
ISSUES in WIMAX vs. 3G
FUTURE OF WIMAX

What is WIMAX?

WIMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave

Access

WiMAX refers to broadband wireless networks that are based on

the IEEE 802.16 standard

WiMAX, which will have a range of up to 31 miles

THINK OF INTERNET

There are three possible ways to access

internet.

Broadband access

Uses DSL or cable modem at home and T1 or

T3 line at office
WIFI
Uses WIFI routers at home and hotspots on the
road
Dial Up Connection

NEW TECHNOLOGY

Broadband access is too expensive and WiFi

coverage is very sparse.

The new technology promises

High speed of broadband service

Wireless rather than wired access
Broad Coverage

Fundamental WiMAX Concepts

Base Station (BS) The BS is the node that logically connects

wireless subscriber devices to operator networks. The BS
maintains communications with subscriber devices and
governs access to the operator networks.

Subscriber Station (SS). The SS is a stationary WiMAXcapable radio system that communicates with a base station,
although it may also connect to a relay station in multi-hop
relay network operations.

Fundamental WiMAX Concepts

Fundamental WiMAX Concepts

Mobile Station (MS). An MS is an SS

that is intended to be used while in
motion at up to vehicular speeds.
Compared with fixed (stationary) SSs,
MSs typically are battery operated and
therefore employ enhanced power
management.

Fundamental WiMAX Concepts

Fundamental WiMAX Concepts

Relay Station (RS). RSs are SS

configured to forward traffic to other RSs
or SSs in a multi-hop Security Zone The
RS may be in a fixed location (e.g.,
attached to a building) or mobile (e.g.,
placed in an automobile). The air
interface between an RS and an SS is
identical to the air interface between a
BS and an SS.

Fundamental WiMAX Concepts

Operator Network The operator network encompasses

infrastructure network functions that provide radio access and
IP connectivity services to WiMAX subscribers. These functions
are defined in WiMAX Forum technical specifications as the
access service network (radio access) and the connectivity
service network (IP connectivity). WiMAX devices
communicate using two wireless message types: management
messages and data messages. Data messages transport data
across the WiMAX network. Management messages are used
to maintain communications between an SS/MS and BS, e.g.,
establishing communication parameters, exchanging security
settings, and performing system registration events (initial
network entry, handoffs, etc.)

A WIMAX system consists of

1)

A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A

single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area
as big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km).

2)

WiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a

small box or Personal Computer Memory card, or they could
be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today

WIMAX TOWER
RECEIVER

WIMAX

HOW WIMAX works?

WIMAX Scenario

Consider a scenario where a WiMax-enabled computer

is 10 miles away from the WiMax base station.

A special encryption code is given to computer to gain

access to base station

The base station would beam data from the Internet

required for computer (at speeds potentially higher
than today's cable modems)

WIMAX Scenario

The user would pay the provider monthly fee for using the
service. The cost for this service could be much lower
than current high-speed Internet-subscription fees
because the provider never had to run cables

The WiMAX protocol is designed to accommodate several

different methods of data transmission, one of which is
Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

If WiMAX-compatible computers become very common,

the use of VoIP could increase dramatically. Almost
anyone with a laptop could make VoIP calls

WIMAX CHIPS

WiMAX Mini-PCI Reference Design

Intels first WIMAX chip

FEATURES OF WIMAX

Scalability

Quality of Service

Range

Coverage

RANGE

Optimized for up to 50 Km
Designed to handle many users spread out
over kilometres
Designed to tolerate greater multi-path
delay spread (signal reflections) up to 10.0
seconds
PHY and MAC designed with multi-mile range
in mind

BENEFITS OF WIMAX

Speed

Wireless

Faster than broadband service

Not having to lay cables reduces cost
Easier to extend to suburban and rural areas

Broad Coverage

Much wider coverage than WiFi hotspots

Benefits to Customers

Range of technology and service level choices from both

fixed and wireless broadband operators
DSL-like services at DSL prices but with portability
Rapidly declining fixed broadband prices
No more DSL installation fees from incumbent

Advantages of WiMax over 3G

Using an assortment of proprietary and

standards-based technologies, such as OFDM
and W-CDMA ,WiMax has a clear advantage
over 3G
The advantages include

Higher Throughput
Low Cost
Lower Latency

Advantages of WiMax over 3G

Advantages of WiMax over 3G

WiMax spectrum is more economical than

3G.

The price paid per Hz is as much as 1000 times

lower than for 3G spectrum

The low cost is a clear driver for service

providers to enter the field of wireless services

with WiMax

Advantages of WiMax over 3G

WiMAX is important for mobile broadband

wireless, as it completes 3G by providing higher
performance for data with more than 1 Mbps
downstream to allow connection of laptops and
PDAs

WiMAX technology is the solution for many types

of high-bandwidth applications at the same time
across long distances and will enable service
carriers to converge the all-IP-based network for
triple-play services data, voice, and video

Advantages of WiMax over 3G

WiMAX interoperable solutions enable

economies of scale through integration of
standard chipsets, making WiMAX Forum
Certified products cost-effective at delivering
high-capacity broadband services at large
coverage distances in Line Of Sight and Non
Line Of Sight conditions

USES OF WIMAX

More

FUTURE

WiMax will be deployed in three stages

In the first phase WiMaX technology (based on

IEEE
802.16-2004) provides fixed wireless connections
In the second phase WiMaX will be available as a
cheap and self-installing Subscriber Terminal (ST),
linked to PC and to antenna
The third phase enables portability, thus WiMAX
(based on IEEE 802.16e) will be integrated into
commercial laptops

Promises

ISSUES in 3G vs. WIMAX

Deployment of the network

WIMAX deployment is in the planning stages

and it might take 3-5 years in providing

reasonable coverage in well populated areas
WiMax may initially be relegated to college
campuses and larger corporate campuses where
people are less mobile and costs containment is
important

ISSUES in 3G vs. WIMAX

Cost Issue
The main reason to opt for WIMAX is its low cost.

The price paid per Hz for WIMAX spectrum is as

much as 1000 times lower than for 3G spectrum

The low cost of WIMAX spectrum compared to 3G is

a clear driver for service providers to enter the field
of wireless services with WIMAX

Conclusion (The Final Issue)

Will WIMAX replace 3G?

Along with the forthcoming standardization, WiMAX has the

potential to substitute 3G and become a promising 4G

WiMAX has its distinct identity as either a stand-alone

solution for incumbent and competitive fixed network
operators or as complementary radio access solution for
established 2G and 3G cellular network operators

Fixed-line operators, on the one hand, may consider WiMAX

as a viable alternative to add mobility to the service
portfolio, leveraging their huge subscriber base, in particular
in countries where 3G licensing is delayed or not affordable

THANK YOU