systems development

life cycle

planning

maintenance

implementation

analysis

design

Systems planning
Project Initiation Plan (PIP) is the plan for
planning the start of a project. The PIP is a work
plan. This work plan describes the tasks,
timeframe, and human resources required to start
planning for a project.
Project Management Plan (PMP) provides a
detailed description of what the project is about,
its delivery method and controls to realise its
defined scope and objectives

planning

maintenance

implementation

analysis

design

Systems analysis
is a problem solving technique that decomposes a
system into its component pieces for the purpose
of the studying how well those component parts
work and interact to accomplish their purpose
the process of studying a procedure or business
in order to identify its goals and purposes and
create systems and procedures that will achieve
them in an efficient way

Systems analysis
Example:

Payroll System

1st: Identifying the Inputs, Outputs and Processes

Systems analysis
Example:

Payroll System

Systems analysis
Example:

Payroll System

2nd: Identifying Problems

Systems analysis
Example:

Payroll System

3rd: New System Requirements Specification

Systems analysis
requirements determination
analysts

should gather information on what the

system should do from as many sources as possible

Two

methods:

- traditional
- modern

Systems analysis
modern

traditional
interviewing
questionnaires
directly
analyzing

observing
users

procedures
and other document

joint

application
design (JAD)

prototyping

Systems analysis
modern

Joint Application Design (JAD)-is a facilitated, teambased approach for defining the requirements for new or
modified information systems

includes approaches for enhancing user participation,

expediting development, and improving the quality of
specifications

Three people involved:

key users

managers

system analysts

Systems analysis
modern
A prototype

is a working model of a system

developed to demonstrate and validate a
customer's expectations of major functions and
user interfaces.

Prototypes

are used where the requirements of a

system are not well understood or a new design
approach is being trialed.

planning

maintenance

implementation

analysis

design

Systems design
is

the process of defining the architecture,

components, modules, interfaces, and data for a
system to satisfy specified requirements

could

be seen as the application of systems theory

to product development

planning

maintenance

implementation

analysis

design

Systems implementation

uses the structure created during architectural

design and the results of system analysis to
construct system elements that meet the
stakeholder requirements and system
requirements developed in the early life cycle
phases

Systems implementation
Five Activities in the System Implementation
Phase
1.

Coding- is the process whereby the physical

specifications created in the previous phases are
turned into working computer codes by the
programmer team

2.

Testing-Each program will be tested in order to

make sure it functions correctly. Later, programs
are tested in groups, followed by testing with
the entire system.

Systems implementation
Five Activities in the System Implementation
Phase
3.

Installation-is the process of moving from the

current system to the new or enhanced system.

4.

Documentation-records detailed information

about systems design specification, its internal
workings and its functionality

5.

Training

Systems implementation
Four ways of implementing a new system:
1.

Direct Changeover
-The old system is stopped completely, and
the new system is started.

Systems implementation
Four ways of Implementing a new system:
2.

Parallel Running
-The new system is started, but the old
system is kept running in parallel (side-by-side)
for a while.

Systems implementation
Four ways of Implementing a new system:
3.

Phased Implementation
-The new system is introduced in phases,
gradually replacing parts of the old system until
eventually, the new system has taken over.

Systems implementation
Four ways of Implementing a new system:
4.

Pilot Running
-The new system is first of all piloted in one
part of the business / organization.

planning

maintenance

implementation

analysis

design

Systems maintenance

is the routine updating of master files, such as

adding and deleting employees and customers and
changing credit limits and product prices in order to
meet changing information requirements

it

also includes fixing bugs and adapting the software

to new hardware devices

Three

categories:

1.

Corrective Maintenance

2.

Adaptive Maintenance

3.

Perfective Maintenance

Systems maintenance
Corrective

Maintenance: - This type of

maintenance implies removing errors in a
program, which might have crept in the system
due to faulty design or wrong assumptions.

Adaptive

Maintenance: - In adaptive
maintenance, program functions are changed to
enable the information system to satisfy the
information needs of the user.

Systems maintenance
three categories
Perfective

maintenance: -means adding new

programs or modifying the existing programs to
enhance the performance of the information
system.

end