THE TRIAL

OF

The First Investigation

November 20, 1896
the preliminary investigation on Rizal
began
Rizal as the accused appeared before
Judge Advocate, Colonel Francisco
Olive.
He was subjected to a 5 day
investigation.
Rizal was informed about his charges
and was given the chance to answer
the questions they haveon him though
he was neverpermitted to confront
thosepeoplewhotestifiedagainsthim.

The First Investigation

November 20, 1896
2 evidences were
presented against Rizal:
1. Documentary
2. Testimonial

Rizals Kangaroo Trial : The

Preliminary Investigation
Documentary Evidences:
- includes letters which
allegedly implicate Rizal in
the Propaganda Movement,
several transcripts of speech
wherein his name was used
by the Katipunan, as well as
several of his poems which
were highly nationalistic in
nature.

Rizals Kangaroo Trial : The

Preliminary Investigation
Documentary Evidences:
1. A letter from Antonio toMariano Ponce, dated
Madrid, October 16, 1888, showing Rizals
connection with the Filipino reform campaign in
Spain.
2. A letter of Rizal to his family, dated Madrid,
August 20,1890, stating that the deportations
are good for they will encourage the people to
hatetyranny.
3. A
letterfrom
Marcelo
H.del
Pilarto
DeodatoArellano, dated Madrid, January 7,
1889, implicating Rizal in the propaganda
movement campaign in Spain.
4. A poem entitled Kundiman,allegedly written by
Rizal in Manila on September 12, 1891
5. A letter fromCarlos Oliver to an unidentified
person, dated Barcelona, September 18,1891,
describing
Rizal
as
the
manto
free
thePhilippines from Spanish oppression.

Rizals Kangaroo Trial : The

Preliminary Investigation
Documentary Evidences:
6.A Masonic lodge document, dated Manila, February
9, 1892, honoring Rizal for hispatriotic services
7.A letter signed Dimasalang ( Rizals pseudonym) to
Tenlunz (Juan Zuluetas pseudonym), dated
Hongkong, May 24, 1892,stating that he was
preparing a safe refuge for Filipinos who may
persecuted by theSpanish authorities
8.A
letter
toDimasalang
to
anunidentified
committee, dated Hongkong, June 1, 1892,
soliciting the aidof the committee in the patriotic
work
9.An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor
ofHongkong Telegraph, ensuring the banishment
of Rizal to Dapitan.
10.
A letter from Idefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila,
September 3, 1892, saying that the Filipino people
look up to him (Rizal) as their savior

Rizals Kangaroo Trial : The

Preliminary Investigation
Documentary Evidences:
11.
A letter fromIldefonso Laurel to Rizal, informing an
unidentified correspondent ofthe arrest and the
banishment of Doroteo Cortes and Ambrosio Salvador.
12.
A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz,
dated Madrid, June 1, 1893 recommending the
establishment of a special organization tohelpthe
causeofthe Filipinopeople.
13.
Transcript of a speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto) in a
reunion
tothe
Katipunanon
July23,
1893,in
whichthefollowing
cry
uttered
Long
Live
the
Philippines! Long LiveLiberty! Long live Doctor Rizal!
Unity!
14.
Transcript of a speech of Tik-Tik (Jose Turiano Santiago)
in the same Katipunan reunion, where in they shouted:
Long live the eminent Doctor Rizal! Death to the
oppressor nation!
15.
A poem by Laong Laan (Rizal), entitled A Talisay in which
the author makes the Dapitan schoolboys sing that they
know how to fight for their rights

Rizals Kangaroo Trial : The

Preliminary Investigation
Testimonial Evidences:
1. Martin Constantino
2. Aguedo delRosario
3. Jose Reyes
4. MoisesSalvador
5. Jose Dizon
6. DomingoFranco
7. DeodatoArellano
8. Ambrosio Salvador
9. Pedro Serrano Laktaw
10.Dr. PioValenzuela
11.Antonio Salazar
12.Francisco Quison
13.Temoteo Paez

Rizals Kangaroo Trial : The

Preliminary Investigation
November 26. 1896
- after the preliminary
investigation,
Colonel
Olive
transmitted
the
records of the case to
Governor Dominguez as
special Judge Advocate to
institute the corresponding
action against Rizal

Rizals Kangaroo Trial : The

Preliminary Investigation
Capt. Rafael Dominguez
- as special Judge advocate to
institute
thecorresponding
action. He made a brief resume
ofthe charges and returned the
papers to theGovernor General,
who there upon transmitted
them to theJudge Advocate,
General Don Nicholas de la
Pea, for an opinion.

Rizals Kangaroo Trial : The

Preliminary Investigation
Don Nicolas de la Pena
- After studying the papers, he
submitted the following
recommendations:
(1) The accused be immediately
brought to trial
(2) He should be kept in prison
(3) An order of attachment be
issued against his property to the
amount of one million pesos as
indemnity
(4) He should be defended in court
by an army officer, not by a

The ONLY RIGHT

given to Rizal by
the Spanish
authorities was
to choose his
defense counsel.

The Prosecution
December 8, 1896
100
first
and
second
lieutenants in the Spanish
Army was presented to Rizal.
Rizal chose Lt. Taviel de
Andrade be his defense, he
was
the
brother
of
JoseTaviel
de
Andrade,
Rizals previous bodyguard
in Calamba in 1887

The Prosecution
December 11, 1896
the information of
charges was formally
read to Rizal in his
prison cell, with his
counsel present

The Prosecution
Charges to the Accused:
the principal organizer
and the living soul of the
Filipino insurrection, the
founder of societies,
periodicals, and books
dedicated to fomenting
and propagating ideas of
rebellion.

Dr. Jose Rizal

pleaded NOT
GUILTY to the
crime ofrebellion

The Prosecution
December 15, 1896
Rizal wrote the Manifesto to
His People in his prison cell at
Fort Santiago, appealing to
them to stop the necessary
shedding of blood and to
inform the people that he
condemned
the
rebellion
because he wanted their
liberties to be attained through
education and industry

The Prosecution
December 15, 1896
Rizal wrote the Manifesto to His
People in his prison cell at Fort
Santiago, appealing to them to stop
the necessary shedding of blood and
to inform the people that he
condemned the rebellion because he
wanted their liberties to be attained
through education and industry
was not published because it did
not condemn the rebellion in
itstotality but only in two aspects:
lack
of
participation
and
preparation.

The Prosecution
December 25, 1896
a dark and cheerless
Christmas for Rizal, his last
on earth, was the saddest in
Rizals life
December 26, 1896
at 8:00am, the court-martial
of Rizal started in the
military building called
Cuartel de Espana

The Prosecution
December 26, 1896
If pardoned, permanent
disqualification and subjection
to surveillance of authority,
indemnity of 20,000 pesos.
De Andrade in defense,
delivered an
impressivespeechandclaimed
thatthe guilt of Rizal has not
been legally established. Rizal
supplemented his defenders
points in detail.

The Prosecution
Rizal read his own defense
which he wrote in his cell in
Fort Santiago. According to
Rizal, there are twelve points
to prove his innocence:
1. As testified by Pio Valenzuela,
Rizal was against rebellion
2. He had not written a letter
addressed to the Katipunan
comprising
revolutionary
elements
3. Without his knowledge, his
name
was
used
by
the
Katipunan; if he really was

The Prosecution
4. If he was guilty, he should have
left the country while in exile; he
shouldn't have built a home,
bought a parcel of land or
established
a
hospital
inDapitan.
5. If he was really the leader of the
revolution, the revolutionists
should have consulted him.
6. He did not deny that he wrote
the by-laws of theLa Liga
Filipina, but to make things
clear, the organization was
acivicassociation,
not
a

The Prosecution
7. After the first meeting of La Liga,
the association was displaced
because of his exile in Dapitan,
thus, did not last long.
8. If the La Liga was reorganized
nine months later, he had no
idea about it
9. If the La Liga had a revolutionary
purpose, then Katipunan should
not have been organized.
10.If the Spanish authorities found
his
letters
having
bitter
atmosphere, it was because in
1890 his family was being

The Prosecution
11.He lived an exemplary life in
Dapitan the politico-military
commanders and missionary
priests in the province could
attest to that.
12.If according to witnesses the
speech he delivered atDoroteo
Ongjunco's house had inspired
the revolution, then he wanted
to confront these persons. If he
really was for the revolution,
then why did the Katipunan sent
an unfamiliar emissary to him in
Dapitan? It is so because all his

The Prosecution
December 26, 1896
Lt. Col. Togores Arjona
- considered the trial over and
ordered the hall cleared.
After a short deliberation,
the
military
court
unanimously voted for the
sentence of death.
(afternoon) Death sentence
was passed with the same

The Prosecution
December 28, 1896
Gov. Gen. Camilo
Polavieja

de

- The decision was submitted

to
Gov.
Polavieja
who
immediately
sought
the
opinion of Nicolas de la Pea
the latter found the verdict
just and final.
- approved the decision of the
court-martial and ordered