METABOLISME PROTEIN ASAM

AMINO

ASAM AMINOPROTEIN
kimia

masalah
Prinsip

protein

1 struktur dasar AA yang menyusun protein

2 bagaimana di diserab dalam bentuk apa
3 Bagaimana pembentukan dalam sel (tubuh) ?
4 Apa sisa metabolismenya

STRUCTUR ASAM AMINO

Non-ionized form

H
Amino
group

H2 N

C
R

Radikal = -CH3, komplex,

O
C

Carboxyl
group

OH
Side chain

Amino Acids

20 Amino
Acids
Note:
Variable
R Group

HN
Ikatan peptida

glisin

O
C C OH
H

H
O
C C H2 N
HO
C
H3

C-terminus

N-terminus

Alanin

FORMATION OF A DIPEPTIDE BY WAY OF A PEPTIDE BOND

H
H2N

O
C

+
OH

Amino H
group glisin

H2N

O
H2 N

CH3

alanin

OH

Carboxyl
group

Peptide
bond

CH3

O
C

+
OH

H2 O

POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN
N-terminus

C-terminus

H H

O H H

O H

O H H

O H

C N

C
H

C
CH3

N C

CH2

CH2

OH

C OH
O

O H H

O H H

H H

N C

C N C

C N

C N C

CH2

CH
H3C
CH3

C
CH2

CH2
SH

OH

OH

SUMMARY OF polipeptida STRUCTURE

H
H2 N

O
+

OH
Carboxyl
group

H2N

Amino
group

O
H2N

CH3

OH

Peptide
bond

O
C

+
OH

CH3

C-terminus

N-terminus

H2O

CH3

CH2

CH2

OH

CH2

CH
H3 C

OH

CH2

CH3

OH

CH2
SH

O
OH

N-terminus

H2N

C-terminus
Gly

Ala

Ser

Asp

Phe

Val

Tyr

Cys

COOH

Makanan
Komposisi makanan

Protein makanan.
Actin dan miosin (otot) asam amino.
Asam amino darah sel

Tergantung kebutuhan, BMR

Membentuk protein
Energi

Enzim pencernaan
Pepton dan peptidase

PROTEIN STRUCTURE
TABLE 3.2 A Summary of Protein Structure
Level

Description

Stabilized by:

Example: Hemoglobin

Primary

The sequence of
amino acids

Peptide bonds

Gly Ser Asp Gls

Secondary

Formation of
-helices and
-pleated sheets

Hydrogen bonding between

peptide groups along the
peptide backbone

Tertiary

Overall threedimensional shape

of a polypeptide

Bonds and other interactions

between R-groups, or
between R-groups and the
peptide backbone

Quaternary

Shape produced by
combinations of
polypeptides

Bonds and other interactions

between R-groups, and
between peptide backbones
of different polypeptides

Protein STRUCTURE
Goegle ;you tube

STRUCTURE Protein
Globular and Fibrous Proteins

Fibrous

Proteins

Little or no tertiary structure.

Long parallel polypeptide chains.
Cross linkages at intervals forming long fibres or
sheets.
Usually insoluble.
Many have structural roles.
E.g. keratin in hair and the outer layer of skin,
collagen (a connective tissue).

STRUCTURE Protein
Globular and Fibrous Proteins

Globular

Proteins

Have complex tertiary and sometimes quaternary

structures.
Folded into spherical (globular) shapes.
Usually soluble as hydrophobic side chains in
centre of structure.
Roles in metabolic reactions.
E.g. enzymes, haemoglobin in blood

Anabolisme
AMINO ACID BIOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW
(USE OF COMMON INTERMEDIATES)

GLUCOSE GLUC-6-PHOSPHATE RIB-5-PHOS HIS

3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE

SERINE

GLYCINE
E-4-PHOS +
PEP
CYSTEINE

PHETYR
PYRUVATE

ALA
TRP

VAL
CITRATE
LEU, ILE

OXALOACETATE, -KETOGLUTARATE
ASP, ASN, GLU, GLN, PRO, ARG, LYS, THR, MET

Protein Synthesis

Gene

expression: information coded in a gene is

2008 John Wiley &
used to synthesize a productaCopyright
protein
or a 6-18
Sons, Inc.

Protein dalam tubuh

Actin

dan miosin otot

Albumin sel dan darah
Globulin anitbodi dalam darah
Hb transport oksigen
Mioglobulin transport oksigen di otot
Collagen jaringan tendo, ligament dll

Enzim
heksokinase

Mioglobin
otot

ESENSIAL

Makanan
(protein)

Asam Amino

ASAM KETO
SEL TUBUH

HATI

S. AS SITRAT

UREA

Alanine carries amino groups from muscle to the

liver for excretion

muscle
protein

muscle
glucose

blood

liver
glucose

amino acids

O
H2N-C-NH2
urea
NH4+

Glu

-ketoglutarate

CO2
C=O

CO2C=O

CH3 pyruvate

CH3

CO2+
H3N C H
CH3

Ala

Glu

pyruvate

CO2+
H3N C H
Ala

CH3

-ketoglutarate

cellular
protein

The amino groups of glutamic acid and glutamine

can be released as ammonia in liver mitochondria

ingested
protein

CO2+
amino H3N C H
acids
R

-keto-

glutarate

transaminases

CO2C=O -keto
R

CO2+
H3N C H
CH2
CH2 Glu

CO2C=O
CH2
CH2
-

CO2

glutamate
dehydrogenase

NADH or
NADPH + H+

But ammonia is toxic,

particularly to neural tissue.
Organisms must get rid of it.

CO2

NAD+ or
NADP+
NH4+

NH4+

acids

CO2+
H3N C H
CH2
H2O
CH2
CONH2
Gln from
muscle &
other tissue

AMINO ACID DEGRADATION INTERMEDIATES

Glucogenic

Ala
Cys
Gly

Ketogenic

* Both Glucogenic and Ketogenic

Purely Ketogenic

CO2

Glucose

Ile*
Leu
Lys
Thr*

Ser
Thr*
Trp*

Pyruvate
Acetyl-CoA

Acetoacetate

Asn
Asp
Citrate

Oxaloacetate

Asp
Phe*
Tyr*

Fumarate

Leu
Lys
Phe*

Citric
Acid
Cycle

Trp*
Tyr*

Isocitrate
CO2

Ile*
Met
Val

Succinyl-CoA

-ketoglutarate
CO2

Arg
Glu
Gln

His
Pro