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Design Criteria
Serviceability
Crack width limits
Deflection limits
As area of steel in
tension zone
Asarea of steel in
compression zone
d distance from center of
tension reinforcement to
outermost point in
compression
cracked concrete
jd
cracked concrete
c
Stress
fs
c=0.003
fs=fy
fs
cracked concrete
cracked concrete
fc
M = Tjd = Cjd
s> y
fc
fc=fc
Definitions
1 shall be taken as 0.85 for concrete strengths fc up
to and including 4000 psi. For strengths above 4000
psi, 1 shall be reduced continuously at a rate of 0.05
for each 1000 psi of strength above 4000 psi, but 1
shall not be taken less than 0.65.
bw = width of web
fs = stress in compression reinforcement (possibly fy)
As f y
0.85 f 'c bw
a
jd d
2
a
j 1
2d
For most beams, 5/6 j 19/20
Moment Equation
recall, M = Tjd = Cjd and T = AsFy
= 0.9 for flexure
Mu Mn=0.9Tjd = 0.9Asfyjd
substituting 5/6 j 19/20
0.75Asfyd Mu 0.85Asfyd
Reinforcement Ratio
As
bw d
A's
'
bw d
Design Equations
As
Mu
0.85 f y d
Mu
As
0.75 f y d
As
Mu
0.80 f y d
f 'c
b 0.3191
fy
4000
5000
6000
40
0.0203
0.0271
0.0319
0.0359
50
0.0163
0.0217
0.0255
0.0287
60
0.0136
0.0181
0.0213
0.0239
Note: if > b can add compression reinforcement to prevent failure due to crushing of concrete.
l /16
l /18.5
l /21
l /8
one way
slabs
l /20
l /24
l /28
l /10
2.5M u
d
f y b
3
Beam Analysis
ACI 318 Approximate Moments and Shears
Compression Reinforcement
If > b must add compression reinforcement to prevent
failure due to crushing of concrete
A's ( As bw d b )
8d '
f 'sb 87 1
3d
fy
f 'sb
Crack Control
For serviceability, crack widths, in tension zones, must be limited.
24 ft
24 ft
24 ft
30 ft
30 ft
30 ft
Reinforcing Steel