HRH THE PRINCE OF WALES

INSTITUTE
OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

A SEMINAR REPORT
ON

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
SUBMITTED BY :
MANOJ KR. BORAH
ROLL NO: POW/BOP/13/IT/CV/056

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION TO NETWORK
NETWORKING GOALS
TYPES OF NETWORK
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

WHAT IS A NETWORK ?
A network is a set of devices connected
to each other and those devices are often
referred to as node. A node can be a
computer, a printer or any other device
capable of sending and receiving data
generated by other nodes. Two devices
are said to be connected if they are
capable of exchanging information. The
devices in a network are autonomous i.e
no devices on the network can start or
control another.

NETWORKING GOALS
RESOURCE

SHARING
RELIABILITY
COST FACTOR
COMMUNICATION MEDIUM

TYPES OF NETWORK :
LOCAL AREA NETWORK
(LAN)
METRO-POLITAN AREA
NETWORK (MAN)
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
PERSONAL AREA NETWORK
(PAN)

LOCAL AREA NETWORK

(LAN)
A local area network is usually privately
owned and link the devices in a single
office, building or campus. A LAN can be
as simple as two pcs and a printer in
someone home or it can extent
throughout a company. A LAN normally
covers an area less then two miles. In
typical LAN one of the computer may be
given a large capacity disk drive and
may become a server to clients.

METROPOLITAN AREA
NETWORK (MAN):
Its a network with a size
between LAN & WAN. It
normally covers the area
inside a town or a city. It is
designed for high speed
Connectivity.

METROPOLITAN AREA
NETWORK (MAN):

WIDE AREA NETWORK

(WAN)
A wide area network provides long
distance transmission of data over large
geographical areas. That may comprise a
Country, continent or even the whole
world. A WAN can be as complex as the
backbone that connect the INTERNET or as
simple as a dialogue that connects a home
computer to the Internet. Computers in a
WAN
are
often
connected
through
telephone System. Sometime they can be
connected through leased lines or satelite.

WIDE AREA NETWORK

(WAN):

PERSONAL AREA
NETWORK (PAN):
A PAN prefers to
small network of
communication.
The
range
is
typically upto 10
meters.PAN
can
be
wired
or
wireless.
Example:
1) BLUETOOTH.
2) Infrared etc.

TOPOLOGY:
A pattern of
interconnection of nodes
in a network is called
topology.

While choosing a
topology we need to
keep
in
mind
the
following factors ;
Cost factor
Flexibility
Reliability

BUS TOPOLOGY:
In BUS topology one long
cable acts as a backbone to
link all the devices in a
network. Transmission from
any station travels the
length of the cable in both
direction & can be received
by all other station. When
a station sends some data
it also contains the address
of the station where data is
to be sent. Data travels
along the bus
and the
station accepts the data on
identifying the address.

BU
S
TO
PO
LO
GY

A
D
V
A
N
T
A
DI
G
SA
E
D
VA
S

NT
A
GE
S

Easy to install.
2) A bus requires less
cable link that of STAR
topology.
3) Easy to extent .
1)

Difficult fault isolation

& identification.
2) A fault in the bus stops
all transmission.
1)

STAR TOPOLOGY:
In STAR topology
each device has a
dedicated
point-topoint link only to
central
controller
usually called HUB.
The device are not
directly linked to one
another.
Star
topology does not
allow direct traffic
between devices. If a
device wants to send
data to another then

ST
AR
TO
PO
LO
GY

A
D
V
A
N
T
A
DI
G
SA
ED
VA
S

NT
A
G
ES

1)
2)
3)
4)

5)

Less expensive.
Easy to install & reconfigure.
Addition or deletion of a device is easy.
ROBOSNESS : If a link fails only that
link is affected all other links remains
active.
Easy fault identification and fault
isolation.

Dependency of whole topology on

the HUB.
2) If the HUB goes down whole
system is dead.
3) More caballing is reqiured.
1)

RING TOPOLOGY:
In RING topology
each device has a
dedicated point to
point
connection
with
only
two
devices on ether side
of it. Data is passed
along the ring in one
direction from device
to device until it
reaches
its
destination.
After
passing through each
node it returns to the

RI
N
G
TO
PO
LO
GY

1) Relating

easy to install
and reconfigure.
2) Addition & Deletion of
devices is easy.
3) Easy fault isolation &
identification.

A
D
V
A
N
T
A
DI
G
SA 1) Unidirectional traffic can
E
D
be a disadvantage.
VA
S
NT
A
G
ES

2) A

break in the ring can

disable the entire
network.

MESH TOPOLOGY:
In MESH
topology
each
device
is
connected
to
more than one
device to provide
an
alternative
root in the case
host is down or
to busy.

MESH TOPOLOGY :

ADVANTAGE:
1) Use of dedicated link gurantees that
each connection can carry its own data
load.
2) Robossness
3) Security
4) Easy fault isolation & identification.
) DISADVANTAGE:
1) Amount of cabling.
2) Hardware requirement can be
prohibitely expensive.

CONCLUSION:

REFERENCE :
COMPUTER SCIENCE & APPLICATION
T.D. MALHOTRA.
Informatics practice Sumita Arora.