Newtons Second

Law of Motion
Exit Assessment
For Physics
Prof. Julieta D.
Francisco
By:
Natasha Jean V.
Cabuco
John Wilhelm T.
Ongchua
BSMT-1A

Definition

The net force of

an object is
equal
to
the
When mass is in kilograms and acceleration is in
its (N).
m/s2, the unitproduct
of force is inof
newtons
One newton is equal
to the
force required to
mass
and
accelerate one kilogram of mass at one
acceleration,
or
meter/second/second.
F=ma.
Acceleration of Earths
gravity: 9.8 m/s2

Moons gravity is 1/6 of the Earths

Relationship between force,

mass, and acceleration

If you apply
more force to
an object, it
accelerates
at a higher
rate.

Relationship between force,

mass, and acceleration
If the same force
is applied to an
object with
greater mass, the
object accelerates
at a slower rate
because mass
adds inertia.

Formula
Force is a push or a pull.
Acceleration is when the motion of an object
changes.
Examples:
Speed up
Slow down
Changes direction
Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

Three Forms of the

Second Law

Formula

In this equation, a is the acceleration, m is the

mass, and Fnet is the net force.
If both sides of the above equation are
multiplied by the mass, the equation can be
written this way:

(continue)
Units of Force = Newtons (N)
SI units for mass is kg
SI units for acceleration is m/s2
1 Newton (N) = 1kg * m/s2

(continue)
proves
that different
masses accelerate to
We know that objects
the earth at the
with different masses
same
rate,
but
with
accelerate to the ground
different
forces.
at
the same rate.
Newtons 2nd Law

However, because of the

2nd Law we know that they
dont hit the ground with
F = ma
the same force.
98 N = 10 kg x 9.8 m/s

F = ma
9.8 N = 1 kg x 9.8 m/s2

Application of the
Second Law

What is the cause of

acceleration?

FORCE
Example hockey puck in ice
Still until force is placed on it
Stays moving in a straight path until another
force causes it to accelerate
Change direction
Speed up
Slow down

Change in velocity acceleration

Net Force Causes

Acceleration
Combination of force yields acceleration
Double the force double the acceleration
Mathematically
Acceleration ~ net force
~ means directly proportional to

Mass Resist
Acceleration
Example
Full shopping cart vs. empty shopping cart
The greater the mass the more force it takes
to accelerate the object

Acceleration is inversely proportional to

mass
Acceleration ~

1
mass

As the denominator
increased the whole
quantity decreases

Direction of
Acceleration
Speed increases
when the net force is
in the same direction
as the motion.
Speed decreases
when the net force is
in the opposite
direction as the
motion.

Positive & Negative

Acceleration
We often use positive and negative
numbers to show the direction of force and
acceleration.
A common choice is to make velocity,
force, and acceleration positive when they
point to the right.

Finding Force from

Acceleration
Wherever there is acceleration there
must also be force.
Any change in the motion of an object
results from acceleration.
Therefore, any change in motion must
be caused by force.

Equilibrium
The condition of zero acceleration is called
equilibrium.
In equilibrium, all forces cancel out leaving
zero net force.
Objects that are standing still are in
equilibrium because their acceleration is
zero.

(continue)
Objects that are moving at
constant speed and
direction are also in
equilibrium.
A static problem usually
means there is no motion.

Gravity & Weight

Gravity is the force of attraction that exists
between any two objects that have mass.
The force of
gravity depends
on the mass of
the objects and
the distance
between them.

Gravity & Weight

Weight is a force, like the push of your hand
is a force, and is measured in Newtons.
The force of gravity causes all objects near
Earths surface to fall with an acceleration
of 9.8 m/s.
Your weight on Earth is the gravitational
force between you and Earth.

How are weight and

mass different?
Weight is a force, like the push of your hand
is a force, and is measured in newtons.
Mass is the amount of matter in an object,
and doesnt depend on location.
Weight will vary with location, but mass
will remain constant.

Circular Motion
A rider on a merry-go-round ride moves in
a circle.
This type of motion is called circular motion.
If you are in circular
motion, your
direction of motion is
constantly changing.
This means you are
constantly
accelerating.

Circular Motion
If you are constantly accelerating, there must
be a force acting on you the entire time.
The force exerted is the centripetal force
and always points toward the center of the
circle.
In circular motion the centripetal force is
always perpendicular to the motion.

Acceleration from
multiple forces
Three people are pulling on a
wagon applying forces of
100 N, 150 N, and 200 N.
Determine the acceleration
and the direction the wagon
moves. The wagon has a
mass of 25 kilograms.

1. You are asked for the acceleration (a) and direction

2. You are given the forces (F) and mass (m).
3. The second law relates acceleration to force and mass:

a=Fm

4. Assign positive and negative directions. Calculate the net force then
use the second law to determine the acceleration from the net force
and the mass.

Calculating
Acceleration

1.
2.
3.
4.

A cart rolls down a ramp.

Using a spring scale, you
measure a net force of 2
newtons pulling the car
down. The cart has a mass
of 500 grams (0.5 kg).
Calculate the acceleration
You are asked
thecart.
acceleration (a).
of for
the
You are given mass (m) and force (F).
Newtons second law applies: a = F m
Plug in numbers. (Remember: 1 N = 1 kgm/s 2)

Calculating Force

1.
2.
3.
4.

A woman is holding two dogs on a

leash. If each dog pulls with a
force of 80 newtons, how much
force does the woman have to
exert to keep the dogs from
moving?
You are asked for force (F).
You are given two 80 N forces and the fact that the dogs
are not moving (a = 0).
Newtons second law says the net force must be zero if
the acceleration is zero.
The woman must exert a force equal and opposite to the
sum of the forces from the two dogs.

Calculating Force

1.
2.
3.
4.

An airplane needs to accelerate

at 5 m/sec2 to reach take-off
speed before reaching the end
of the runway. The mass of the
airplane is 5,000 kilograms. How
much force is needed from the
engine?
You asked for the force (F).
You are given the mass (m) and acceleration (a).
The second law applies: a = F m
Plug in the numbers. Remember: 1 N = 1 kgm/s2.