Textile Testing & Quality Control I

( INTRODUCTION )
LECTURE# 1-3

E N G R . G H U L A M H U SS A I N
KARACHI.

INDUS UNIVERSITY

DEFINITION

Testing :
To diagnose the sample of any product which

shows the actual or present condition

Reasons for Textile Testing :

Checking the quality and suitability of raw material

and selection of material.

Monitoring of production i.e. process control.
Assessment of final product, whether the quality is

acceptable or not, (how will be the yarn performance

in weaving? etc).

Reasons for Textile Testing :

Investigation of faulty materials (analysis of

customer complaint, identification of fault in

machine etc.).
Product development and research.
Specification testing: Specifications are formed and

the materials are tested to prove whether they fall

within the limits allowed in the specification (e.g.
specified by a customer).

Standardization of Testing:

Requirements of results
Explicit (how they will perform or how they meet

the specification).
Implicit (variability of results obtained either from

time to time, operator by operator or lab to lab).

The lack of reproducibility of results of material may be

due to:

a) Variation in the material

It can be solved through,
By proper sampling
Use of suitable statistical methods to analyze the

results

The lack of reproducibility of results of material may be

due to:

b) Variation due to test methods

Due to operator (care in mounting of specimen, adherence to

the test procedures, etc.)

Specimen size
Atmospheric condition
Type of test equipment
Test condition speed, pressure, etc.

To minimize these variation standard test methods are

followed:

ASTM (American standards for textile materials)

BS (Britain Standards)
ISO (International Standards Organization)
AATCC (American Association for textile Colourists

and chemists)

PHYSICAL TESTS

Identification of fiber physically

Count & construction of fabric
Blend Ratio
Abrasion, Pilling & snagging
Strength (Tear, strip, seam slippage, cyclic and bursting)
Dimensional stability
Appearance test
Crease recovery
Air permeability/down proof test

FASTNESS TESTING

Light fastness
Washing fastness
Dry Cleaning
Perspiration
Cold Water and Sea Water
Dry heat and hot pressing
Sublimation
Rubbing Fastness (Crocking)

CHEMICAL TESTS
Determination of Formaldehyde content
Percentage Purity of Acids & Alkalis
Auxiliaries for application of wet processing
Viscosity
pH
Tests for variety of Functional Finishing
Flammability
Water & Oil repellency test
Soil/Stain release test

TTQC-I Comprises on following tests:

Fiber staple length
Fineness of fiber
Maturity of fiber
Tensile strength of fiber, yarn and fabric
Count of Yarn
Evenness of yarn
Twist of yarn
Hairiness of yarn
Moisture regain and contents of textile material

DEFINITION
QUALITY CONTROL:

"The systems required for programming and

coordinating the efforts of the various groups in an
organization to maintain the requisite quality.

OBJECTIVES:

To maximize the production of goods within the

specified tolerances correctly the first time.

To achieve a satisfactory design of the fabric or

garment in relation to the level of choice in design,

styles, colours, suitability of components and fitness
of product for the market.

QUALITY CONTROL IN TEXTILE

Every operation under wet processing such as pre-treatment, dyeing, printing or
finishing irrespective to its specific aim in desired product finds its basis in:
Maintenance of high quality
Cost effectiveness
Improved functionality
Lower generation of waste
Minimum use or reuse of water and chemicals
Overall environment friendliness
Application of appropriate machinery and technology

ON-LINE QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM

This type of quality control is carried out without stopping the
production process. During the running of production process a
set up automatically performs and detect the fault and also takes
corrective action.
Raw Material Control
o Best quality raw materials with economical consideration
o The fabric must be without fault, with proper absorbency,

whiteness as per requirement of the subsequent process.

Process Control
o Process with accurate parameters

OFF-LINE QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM

Performed in the laboratory and other production area by

stopping the production process consisting of fabric

inspection and laboratory and other test. Correction steps
are taken according to the test result.
All the Off-Line tests for finished fabrics can be grouped as

follows:
o Physical tests
o Chemical tests
Specified test methods of AATCC, ISO, ASTMD, BS etc.