The abstract

Also

called a synopsis
A condensed version of a research
report
Two common forms:
1. descriptive abstract simply tells
what the paper is all about
2. informative abstract gives a
summary of the impt points of a
research (research prob, objs,
methods, discussion, etc.)

Research defined
To

look again
The process of gathering
information to establish facts or
to validate theories or principles
through the use of a careful and
systematic method

GENERAL RESEARCH
CATEGORIES

1. Descriptive study
Gives

a detailed account of a
phenomenon as extensively as
possible
Examples: biology, botany, zoology,
humanities, and education
Studies on:

Different medicinal plants in the Philippines

Behavior of teachers and students
Literary trends in some short stories
The evolution of architectural designs

2. Correlation study
Investigates

or determines the
relationship between or among
different phenomena or factors
This study will help one make
predictions,
Example: the relationship
between achievement and social
status

3. Intervention study
Introduces

a treatment which is
assumed to bring about certain
results of outcomes
The experimental method is used
in this study.
Example: determining whether
the flesh and peel of Fuji apples
can induce hair growth

TYPES OF RESEARCH
(ACCORDING TO OBJECTIVES AND
QUESTIONS ASKED)

1. Descriptive research
Examines

a phenomenon and
describes it thoroughly
Often stable for only a certain
period of time and must be
repeated whenever necessary
Seeks to answer the question
what
Example: the lifestyle of call
center representatives

2. Exploratory research
Not

only describes but also

examines the causes of a
phenomenon
Answers the questions what
and why
Example: What malls are most
frequented by young
professionals? Why do these
malls attract them?

3. Action research
Studies

a phenomenon that is
being done or practiced to find
out if it can be improved and how
the improvement can be done
Example: a company wants to
improve its sales, so it introduces
innovations like free taste,
giving seminars, etc.

4. Historical research
Explains

past events to make people

understand the reasons for the
occurrence of those events
This can make people aware of the
various ways by which they can make
improvements or present events.
The focus of researchers is the past.
Relics and documents are examined.

Example:

A study of the
evolution of marriage customs of
a particular group of people and
how these reflect the changes in
people attitude towards marriage

TYPES OF RESEARCH
(ACCORDING TO APPLICATION)

Pure vs. Applied research

PURE

RESEARCH is done to
expand ones knowledge on a
topic
APPLIED RESEARCH is
conducted to solve a problem or
to recommend solutions to the
perceived problem

Sample topics for a pure

research
Architectural

designs prevalent in
the Phils. in the 50s up to the 90s
Clinical practice of pharmacists in
the Phils.
Alternative medicine
The most read books of college
students
Breakthroughs in IT

Sample topics for applied

research
Cramming

and its effects on the

performance of students
Industrial additives and their
effects on consumers health
Global recession and its
significance to economies of
countries
The causes and effects of global
warming

QUANTITATIVE VS.
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH

1. Quantitative research
Seeks

to discover facts, establish

relationships between and among
variables, and explain the
reasons for these relationships
Data are presented in numerical
form.
Researchers often make
generalizations that go beyond
the scope of the study.

2. Qualitative research
Assumes

that several realities exist

in this world and these depend on
the perspectives of those who view
them
The data or information gathered is
in word forms.
Researchers often immerse
themselves in the research process.
They often leave the readers the
formulation of generalization.