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CIVIL ENGINEERING
APPLICATIONS OF
AUGMENTED REALITY
GUIDE : VIDHYA KANAKARAJ
S8 CE
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
AUGMENTED REALITY
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
The outputs of construction information processes (designs, plans and schedules) provide
the control information for the material processes in construction.
The media to bring the information from the digital models to construction site are 2D
documents such as floor plans, cross sections, sketches, etc.
Situating information and establishing the relation between the real world of the
construction site and design information is relied on the spatial awareness of engineers .
Continued
Augmented reality (AR) can be used to form a synthetic environment that enables the
integration of 4D building information models into the live picture of real world.
AUGMENTED REALITY
Augmented reality (AR) is a field of computer research which deals with the
combination of real-world and computer-generated data.
AR uses live video imagery which is digitally processed and "augmented" by the
addition of computer-generated graphics.
Advances includes the use of motion-tracking data, fiducial marker recognition using
machine vision, and the construction of controlled environments containing any number
of sensors and actuators.
COMPONENTS OF AR SYSTEM
Trackers: Black and white fiducial markers, GPS/INS, marker less technology (MLT),
sensors.
Computing Devices: PCs, Mobile phones, etc. to process real world and virtual data.
Display devices : Head mounted displays, mobile phones, laptops etc. to display the
augmented view.
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APPLICATIONS
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APPLICATIONS
Industrial design:
Comparison
Experience
Medical :
Virtual
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APPLICATIONS
Military:
Real
Training
using AR applications.
consumers.
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APPLICATIONS
Visualization
Solution
Planning
Damage
Onsite
Construction
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APPLICATIONS
Other
etc.
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ADVANTAGES
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DISADVANTAGES
Privacy control.
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Construction management.
Training.
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Inspections.
Damage assessments.
BIM integration.
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SUBSURFACE VISUALIZATION
Features include
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GPS/INS INTEGRATION
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Existing digital maps, position information and survey data must be integrated.
Modular nature of system enables switching between high and low accuracy applications
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The
Trench
inspection tasks
Planning
Visual
On-site
On-site
Mobile Mapping
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Three mental aspects that need to be addressed when assessing the feasibility of using
AR for construction related work processes:
Information
relates
Attention
relates
Memory,
relates
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To demonstrate how BIM and AR can be integrated and used on-site, a number of
examples that focus on the following areas are discussed:
Interdependency
Identification
collisions
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Link
digital to physical
AR
control
Being
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Procurement:
The
information propagated from an ERP system in the production factory to BIM and
real-time evaluation will provide a site manager with a real-time dynamic planning
environment.
Visualization
BIM
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Reinforcing bar arrangement and checking are very important as they are directly related
to the strength of a structure.
Inspectors often find it difficult to check whether reinforcing bars are arranged
correctly.
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Multiple workmen wear head mounted displays (HMDs) with video cameras, which are
connected with their computers.
They grab and move markers, each of which is linked to 3D model data of reinforcing
bars.
By using an AR tool called AR Toolkit, users can view the virtual reinforcing bars
represented by computer graphics on their HMDs.
They can discuss how to arrange reinforcing bars by moving the markers in a virtual
3D world.
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A collaborative system where multiple users can move tangible markers each of which
represents single or a set of reinforcing bars in an augmented reality environment.
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Experiment 1
A set of five reinforcing bars comprising a section of a prestressed concrete bridge girder
was selected.
Two graduate students majoring in civil engineering, simulating workmen X and Y, wore
HMDs with video cameras.
The two workers discussed sequence of arranging the five reinforcing bars.
They looked at the same 3D virtual reinforcing bars from different angles and discussed
many possible sequences, moving the markers intuitively.
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Reinforcing bars are represented by IFC-BRIDGE and its computer graphics image is
linked with a marker.
The marker is placed in front of the reinforcing bars at its designated location, and a user
wearing a HMD with a video camera looked at the marker and the reinforcing bars.
The user can check whether the reinforcing bars are correctly arranged or not by
checking the overlapped computer graphics image over the actual reinforcing bar image
on the HMD monitors.
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One was made just as designed while the other was made poorly with errors.
A part of a prestressed concrete bridge girder was selected and was represented by IFCBRIDGE product model.
Inspector wore the HMD with a video camera and looked at the marker attached to the
reinforcing bars.
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Results
Experiment 1: The test showed the efficiency and effectiveness of the system over the
traditional pencil-and-eraser method.
Experiment 2 : The good craft model was overlapped properly with the computer graphics
image, while the poor model was not overlapped with the virtual reinforcing bar image.
Experiment 3: There was not big difference between the virtual computer graphics and the
real reinforcing bar images. Hence the actual reinforcing bars could be judged as properly
constructed
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Current practices of evaluating damage to buildings after catastrophic events are labour
intensive, time consuming and error prone.
The interstory drift ratio (IDR) is a global measure that can be computed from external
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The residual IDR is a measure of how far each building floor has moved permanently
relative to the one beneath divided by the story height.
The residual IDR at each floor of a building can be measured using a computing scheme
based on AR by comparing a baseline image to the actual shape of a structure after a
seismic event.
Dimensions:
A base
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A horizontal
A wireframe
CAD image of the wall was registered against and augmented over the real
specimen.
Experiment
The camera was located 4,207 mm above the floor and 4,876 mm away from the wall.
The camera clearly focus on the point along the walls edge where horizontal drift
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The position and orientation of the camera was constant at each step throughout the
duration of the experiment.
Augmented graphics is placed over the video and the drift is measured by correlating
number of pixels in an image with horizontal distance.
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Observations were made at the beginning and end of ten actuator loading strokes to
study the performance of the proposed AR technique at different drift levels
Measured drift
(mm)
Actual Drift
(mm)
% error
83
89
-7.2
84
90
-6.1
112
120
-6.7
137
146
-5.9
171
180
-5.2
180
192
-6.1
210
214
-2.1
220
230
-4.5
262
269
-2.5
10
275
283
-2.8
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Results
The best observation of drift between the CAD image and the wall occurred at Loading
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This corresponded to an actual displacement of 214 mm. The AR method thus under
predicted the drift by 2.1%.
The worst observation, i.e., highest % error occurred for Loading Stroke 1 where the drift
was computed to be 83 mm in AR corresponding to an actual displacement of 89 mm.
In all observations, the AR method under predicted the actual sustained displacements.
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CONCLUSION
AR can be used for reasoning the interdependences of tasks, spatial site layout of the
to-be-built, project progress monitoring, linking digital to physical, material flow
tracking and management, visualizing design during production.
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CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
Conservative
Size
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REFERENCES
Sebastjan Mea, iga Turk, Matev Dolenc (2015), Measuring the potential of augmented
reality in civil engineering, Advances in Engineering Software, 90 (1-10)
Hung-Lin Chi, Shih-Chung Kang, Xiang yu Wang (2013), Research trends and
opportunities of augmented reality applications in architecture, engineering, and
construction, Automation in Construction, 33 (116-122)
Xiangyu Wang, Mi Jeong Kim, Peter E.D. Love, Shih-Chung Kang (2013), Augmented
Reality in built environment: Classification and implications for future research,
Automation in Construction, 32 (1-13)
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REFERENCES
Vineet R. Kamat and Sherif El-Tawil (2007), Evaluation of Augmented Reality for
Rapid Assessment of Earthquake-Induced Building Damage, Journal of computing in
civil engineering, ASCE.
www.wikipedia.org
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