Chapter 9

Please read chapter 9.

Please

review, know and understand the terms

related to fire protection page 284.
Know the Classifications of Fires 9.1.1
Know Classification of Hazards 9.1.2
Know the Use or Occupancy 9.1.4
Void sections 9.7.7 through 9.7.9.
Study the remainder of the chapter
See additional reading CSI specifications
Article - The Evolution of Modern Automatic
Fire Sprinklers

Commercial Buildings
CSI Division
Includes:
Electrical
Piping
Equipment
Controls

Detection of fire and smoke

Suppression

CSI Division Numbers

Division 21 Fire Suppression (new)
21 10 00 Water Based Fire- Suppression
Systems
21 13 00 Fire-Suppression Sprinkler Systems
21 13 13 Wet-Pipe Sprinkler Systems
21 13 16 Dry-Pipe Sprinkler Systems
21 13 19 Preaction Sprinkler Systems
21 13 23 Combined Dry-Pipe and Preaction Sprinkler
Systems
21 13 26 Deluge Fire-Suppression Sprinkler Systems
21 13 29 Water Spray Fixed Systems
21 13 36 Antifreeze Sprinkler Systems
21 13 39 Foam-Water Systems

Old CSI Fire Protection System (See

separate readings Web Site)
Division

Cabinets

10520 Fire Extinguishers &

Old CSI Fire Protection System (See

separate required readings Web Site)
Division

15000 Mechanical General

Provisions
Division 15300 Fire Protection
Division 16722 Fire Alarm System

Making sure the various Contract

Documents coincide
Shop Drawing
Specifications Review
Coordination

Section 15000 - MECHANICAL GENERAL PROVISIONS

Each specification section within their respective Division shall
be coordinated with all other sections in that division for related
work.
The project documents contemplate the complete installation of
the systems described herein, or shown on the drawings, so
that at the conclusion of the construction, the systems will be
turned over to the Owner complete and ready for safe, efficient
operation.
The Contractor shall be obliged to furnish and install all such
items normally included on systems of this type, which while
not mentioned directly herein are obviously essential to the
installation
and operation of the systems, and which are normally furnished
on installations of this type.

General:
Refer to the Division 1 sections for general coordination
requirements applicable to the entire work. The Contractor shall
recognize that the Contract Documents are diagrammatic in showing
certain physical relationships that must be established within the
mechanical and electrical work, and in its interface with other work
including utilities and that such establishment is the exclusive
responsibility of the Contractor. This Contractor shall be responsible
for work fitting in place without conflict with other trades, where
proper planning could avoid interference. This Contractor shall
examine the locations and verify all measurements, distances,
elevations and existing conditions before starting work. Because the
drawings are diagrammatic and on a small scale, all rises, drops,
offsets, etc., have not been shown. The Contractor shall agree to
provide and install the necessary piping, fittings, valves, duets, duct
fittings and offsets, and other specialties to suit such conditions
without additional cost to the Owner. Mechanical drawings shall not
be used for general construction dimensions or for type of material
used for general construction. For exact building layout, dimensions
and building materials used Contractor shall refer to Architectural
Drawings.

False Ceilings
Tight spaces

High Rise Buildings

Determined by length of fire ladder
Around 75 feet
Buildings constructed as high rise 50 to over
100 floors and there designs are coordinated
by the local fire departments and fire
marshals.
Consideration for interior materials is
paramount
Codes and structural components need to
meet National Fire Codes.

Types of Sprinkler Systems

Wet Sprinkler System
Dry Sprinkler System
Deluge Sprinkler System
Pre-Action Sprinkler System

Wet pipe systems

Wet pipe sprinkler systems
Most installed
Most reliable
Simple
Only operating components being the
automatic sprinklers
An automatic water supply provides water
under pressure to the system piping.

Wet Systems
Water is in branch lines and at the
sprinkler
heads at all times
Wet Systems cannot be in areas that may
freeze
Water pressure must be maintained at all
times
Water Pumps are put in place to keep
water
pressure at a certain PSI
There is no delay in time that water is
put on
the fire
Require the least amount of maintenance

Dry pipe systems

Dry pipe systems installed where
temperature will freeze water in a wet pipe
system.
Dry pipe systems are most often used in
unheated buildings, in parking garages, in
outside canopies attached to heated
buildings

Dry Sprinkler System

Require Air Pressure instead of water in the
Branch Lines
The Air Pressure holds down a Clapper
Valve, so that water can not be
introduced
into the system, unless the
air pressure is lost
Used in areas that may freeze
An air compressor keeps a constant pressure
in
the system
When a Fire releases a sprinkler head, the air
is
released from the piping, and stops
holding
down the valve that was holding
the water
back, and water is released

Dry Sprinkler Systems

Standpipes are used in stairwells to have
a water way established for hand lines.
These systems have a high maintenance
cost, due to corrosion in the pipe with only
air, and a little bit of water.
Might take up to 60 seconds to get water
on the fire, depending on how big the
system is.

Dry Sprinkler

Fusible Link Sprinklers vs. Glass Bulb

Sprinklers
All wet-pipe sprinklers are held closed by
either a fusible link or a glass bulb that
contains a heat-sensitive liquid.
A fusible link sprinkler head has a two-part
metal element that is fused by a heatsensitive alloy.
Water is only released by sprinkler heads
where the ambient temperature reaches a
specified level

Glass bulb sprinkler heads have a small

glass reservoir that holds a heat-sensitive
liquid.
This glass bulb holds the pip cap in place.
When the ambient temperature of the
liquid reaches a certain level, the liquid
expands causing the glass bulb to break,
which allows the pip cap to fall away
releasing water.

Deluge
Deluge Valves are used in special areas
Sprinkler heads are open at all times
Used in High Hazard areas
Deluge Valve opens during a smoke or
heat detection
Deluge systems are needed where high
velocity suppression is necessary

Designer type of
sprinkler
heads.
Painting?

Over 50,000 types of sprinkler heads

available for designers Based On:
System Type
Activation Temperature
Orifice Size
Thread Size
Coverage
Finish
Fusible Type

Types of Sprinkler Heads

Pendants
Uprights
Sidewalls
Concealed
Special Coverage

Pendant
s

Uprights

Sidewalls

Sidewalls

Concealed

Special Coverage

Foam Water Fire Sprinkler System

Special application system
Discharging a mixture of water and low
expansion foam concentrate
Used with special hazards occupancies

associated with high challenge fires

flammable liquids
airport hangars.

PBDEs

Furniture
Clothing
Electronics