MIKROBIOL

OGI
KARDIOVA
SKULAR
Laboratory of Microbiology
Medical Faculty of Hasanuddin University

 Tiu:
Setelah

Mengikuti Materi Ini Diharapkan

Pasien Mampu Mengetahui Beberapa
Jenis Bakteri Penyebab Penyakit System
Kardiovaskular

TIK

Setelah Mengikuti Materi Ini Peserta Mampu

Mengetahui :
Morfologi Dan Sifat Biokimia Staphylococcus
Aureus
Morfologi Dan Sifat Biokimia Staphylococcus
Epidermidis
Morfologi Dan Sifat Biokimia Streptococcus
Viridans
Morfologi Dan Sifat Biokimia Streptococcus
Pyogenes
Morfologi Dan Sifat Biokimia Streptococcus
Pneumoniae

Staphylococci in human
Frequent Human Infection

Rare Human Infection

S. aureus

S. capitis

S. epidermidis

S. caprae

S. hemolyticus

S. saccharolyticus

S. lugdunensis

S. warneri

S. saprophyticus

S. pateuri
S. hominis
S. auricularis

Typical staphylococci
Spherical

cells 1 m

diameter
Arrange in irregular
clusters; single cocci,
pairs, tetrads
Positive gram cocci
Non-motile
No spores

Culture
Typical

colonies on
blood agar
White to golden yellow
pigments
May show betahemolysis ( S. aureus)

Golden yellow colonies of S. aureus beside white colonies of S. epidermidis

S. aureus colonies on sheep blood agar. Zone of beta-hemolysis

around the colonies

Catalase test
Differentiate

Staphylococci
from Streptococci and
Enterococci (catalase
negative)

Detect presence of
cytochrome oxidase : H2O2
O2 + H2O

Test

procedure:

Slide catalase place growth

from colonies on glass slide;
add 3% hydrogen peroxide;
vigorous bubbling seen (+ve)

Tube catalase pick

growth from media (not
blood agar), immerse in
3% hydrogen peroxide

Coagulase test
To differentiate

S. aureus from other

Staphylococcus sp
S. aureus have bound coagulase and free
coagulase

Bound coagulase (clumping factor) present on

surface of cell wall
free coagulase - excreted extracellularly

Slide coagulase test

Slide

coagulase test

Detect bound coagulase

React directly with
fibrinogen in plasma
Test procedure: Mix
growth suspension with
EDTA-rabbit plasma;
observe agglutination
(+ve)

Slide coagulase test. Rapid

method for identifying S.
aureus. Saline control on left

Coagulase test

Some S. aureus do not produce bound

coagulase; some coagulase-negative staph
produce weak slide coagulase test (S.
lugdunensis, S. schleiferi)
Must confirm with tube coagulase
Do not take growth from mannitol salt agar
high salt content cause autoagglutination

Tube coagulase
Tube

coagulase

Indirect detection of
extracellular coagulase
Excreted coagulase
detect coagulase-reacting
factor in plasma form a
complex
Complex will react with
fibrinogen to form fibrin
(clot formation)

Principle of test
Excreted coagulase
React with coagulase-reacting factor
in plasma
Complex formation

react with fibrinogen

form fibrin (Clot)

Mannitol Fermentation
Mannitol

fermentation

S. aureus ferment mannitol

Mannitol salt agar 1% mannitol, 7.5% salt,
phenol red, peptones
High salt content inhibit other bacteria (except
Enterococcus)
Useful for isolation of S. aureus from faeces,
soil, screening for nasal carriers

Mannitol salt agar - Mannitol fermentation indicated by

change in phenol red indicator to yellow

THE STREPTOCOCCI

Streptococcus species of clinical

importance
PHYLOGENETIC
GROUP

SPECIES

LANCEFIELD GROUP

TYPE OF
HAEMOLYSISA

Pyogenic group

Str pyogenes
Str. agalactiae
Str. equisimilis

A
B
C

Mitis group

Str. pneumoniae
Str mitis
Str. oralis
Str. sanguis
Str. gordonii

O
O
Not identified
H
H

Anginosus group

Str. anginosus
Str. intermedius

G, F (and A)

Salivarius group

Str. salivarius

None

Bovis group

Str. bovis

or none

Mutans group

Str. mutans
Str. sabrinus

Not designated
Not designated

None
None

Hemolysis
-hemolysis

complete hemolyis of rbc

Hemolysin induced
Marker for pathogenicity
-hemolysis

greenish discolouration;
partial hemolysis
Hydrogen peroxide induced - oxidizes
haemoglobin to green methaemoglobin

Gram-stain
Gram-positive

spherical or ovoid
cocci
Diplococci to long
chains (in broth
cultures)
old cultures or dead
bacteria may appear
gram-negative

Hemolysin
Hemolyse

red blood cells

Beta-hemolytic group A S. pyogenes
produce 2 types of hemolysin
Streptolysin S observed as complete
lysis around colonies on blood agar.
Streptolysin O
inactivated

by oxygen
Antibodies against streptolysin O (ASOT)
formed following infection

Culture characteristics

Alpha-hemolysis greenish discoloration of blood agar

Beta-hemolysis clearing around colonies

Bacitracin susceptibility
Presumptive

identification of Grp A hemolytic streptococci

(susceptible to
bacitracin)
0.04U bacitracin disc
zone of inhibition 10
mm or larger
(susceptible)

Identification of non-betahemolytic streptococci

Optochin
For

test

identification of S.
pneumoniae.
Optochin disks applied
on streaked surface of
blood agar
Zones >14 mm with 6
mm disc sensitive (S.
pneumoniae)

Differentiation of non-beta-hemolytic
streptococci

Streptococcus

Optochin
suscept

Bile
soluble

Bile esculin

S. pneumoniae

S. bovis

Other viridans group

-a

Occasional strains may produce weak reaction