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Organization Development and Change

Chapter Eleven:
Evaluating and Institutionalizing
OD Interventions
Thomas G. Cummings
Christopher G. Worley

Learning Objectives
for Chapter Eleven
To understand the issues associated with
evaluating OD interventions
To understand the process of
institutionalizing OD interventions and the
factors that contribute to it

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Issues in Evaluating OD
Interventions
Implementation and Evaluation Feedback
Measurement
Select the right variables to measure
Design good measurements
Operational
Reliable
Valid

Research Design
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Implementation
Feedback

Evaluation
Feedback

Feedback aimed at
guiding
implementation efforts
Milestones,
intermediate targets
Measures of the
interventions progress

Feedback aimed at
determining impact of
intervention
Goals, outcomes,
performance
Measures of the
interventions effect

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Implementation and
Evaluation Feedback
Diagnosis
Design and
Implementation
of Interventions
Alternative
Interventions

Implementation of
Intervention

Implementation
Feedback

Evaluation
Feedback

Clarify
Plan for
Intention Next Steps

Measures of
the Intervention
and Immediate
Effects

Measure
of
Long-term
Effects

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Sources of Reliability
Rigorous Operational Definition
Provide precise guidelines for measurement:
How high does a team have to score on a fivepoint scale to say that it is effective?

Multiple Measures
Multiple items on a survey
Multiple measures of the same variable (survey,
observation, unobtrusive measure)

Standardized Instruments
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Types of Validity
Face Validity: Does the measure appear to
reflect the variable of interest?
Content Validity: Do experts agree that the
measure appears valid?
Criterion or Convergent Validity: Do
measures of similar variables correlate?
Discriminant Validity: Do measures of nonsimilar variables show no association?
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Elements of Strong Research


Designs in OD Evaluation
Longitudinal Measurement
Change is measured over time

Comparison Units
Appropriate use of control groups

Statistical Analysis
Alternative sources of variation have been
controlled
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Evaluating Different
Types of Change
Alpha Change
Movement along a stable dimension

Beta Change
Recalibration of units of measure in a stable
dimension

Gamma Change
Fundamental redefinition of dimension
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Institutionalization Framework
Organization
Characteristics
Institutionalization
Processes

Indicators of
Institutionalization

Intervention
Characteristics

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Organization Characteristics
Congruence
Extent to which an intervention supports or
aligns with the current environment, strategic
orientation, or other changes taking place

Stability of Environment and Technology


Unionization

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Intervention Characteristics

Goal Specificity
Programmability
Level of Change Target
Internal Support
Sponsor
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Institutionalization Processes

Socialization
Commitment
Reward Allocation
Diffusion
Sensing and Calibration
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Indicators of
Institutionalization
Knowledge
Performance
Preferences
Normative Consensus
Value Consensus
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