CHARISMATIC AND

TRANSFORMATIONAL
LEADERSHIP

UNIT 2

THE MEANINGS OF CHARISMA

Charisma is a Greek word meaning divinely
inspired gift.
Charisma is a special quality of leaders whose
purposes, powers and extraordinary
determination differentiate them from others.
Charisma is a positive and compelling quality
of a person that makes many others want to be
led by him or her.

THE EFFECTS OF CHARISMA

Robert. J. House developed a theory of charismatic

leadership that define charisma in terms of its effects. The
nine charismatic effects are as follows
1.

Group members trust in the correctness of the leaders beliefs.

2.

Similarity of group members beliefs to those of the leader.

3.

Unquestioning acceptance of the leader.

4.

Affection for the leader.

5.

Willing obedience to the leader.

6.

Identification with and emulation of the leader.

7.

Emotional involvement of the group members or constituents

in the mission.

8.

Heightened goals of the group members.

9.

Feeling on the part of group members that they will be able to

accomplish, or contribute to, the accomplishment of the
mission.

HALPERT S DIMENSIONS OF
CHARISMA
Expert power

Referent power

CHARISMA

Job
involvement

HALPERT S DIMENSIONS OF
CHARISMA
Referent power is the ability to influence others that
stems from the leaders desirable traits and characteristics.
Expert power is the ability to influence others because of
ones specialized knowledge, skills or abilities.
Job related effects such as emotional involvement,
heightened goals and perceived ability to contribute are
concerned with job involvement.
Job involvement is a key component of satisfaction.

TYPES OF CHARISMATIC
LEADERS
Socialized charismatic
Personalized charismatic
Office-holder charismatic
Personal charismatic
Divine charismatic

TYPES OF CHARISMATIC
LEADERS
Socialized charismatic
is a leader who restrains the use of power in order to benefit
others.
Formulates and pursues goals that fulfill the needs of group
members and provide intellectual stimulation to them.
Followers of socialized charismatics are autonomous,
empowered and responsible.
Personalized charismatic
Impose self-serving goals on constituents and they offer
consideration and support group members only when it
facilitates their own goals.
Followers of personalized charismatics are typically
obedient, submissive and dependent.

TYPES OF CHARISMATIC LEADERS

Office-holder charismatic

Is more a property of the office occupied than of his or her

personal characteristics.
By occupying a valuable role, office-holder charismatics
attain high status.
Personal charismatic
Gain very high esteem through the extent to which others
have faith in them as people.
Exerts influence whether he or she has the right traits,
characteristics and behaviors
Divine charismatic
Is someone endowed with a gift of divine grace.
In 1924 Max Weber defined charismatic leader as a mystical,
narcissistic and personally magnetic savior who would arise
to lead people through a crisis.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARISMATIC LEADERS

Visionary
Masterful communication skills
Ability to inspire trust
Able to feel group members capable
Energy and action oriented
Emotional expressiveness and warmth
Romanticize risk
Use unconventional strategies
Self-promoting personality
Dramatic and unique

VISION COMPONENT OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP

Vision is the ability to imagine different and better
conditions and ways to achieve them. To create a vision
obtain the following information:
Your own intuition about developments in your own field,
the market you serve, demographic trends in your region
and the preferences of your constituents.
The work of futurists as it relates to your type of work.
A group discussion of what it takes to delight the people
your group serves.
Annual reports, management books and business
magazines to uncover the type of vision statements
formulated by others.
Group members and friends speak to them individually and
collectively to learn of their hopes and dreams for the future.
For a vision for an organizational unit, you might get some
ideas for matching your units vision with that of the
organization.

VISION OF LEADING
ORGANIZATIONS
Microsoft Corporation:
To give people the power to do anything they want anywhere
they want and on any device, whether its on PC or on a web
phone.
Tata Power:
To be the most admired and responsible Integrated Power
Company with international footprint, delivering sustainable
value to all stakeholder.
Bajaj Capital:
To be the most preferred financial planning and investment
advisory company in India by providing consumers with
informed choices of lasting value, create wealth for them to
make their tomorrow better than today.

THE COMMUNICATION STYLE OF

CHARISMATIC LEADERS
Charismatic and transformational leaders
communicate their visions, goals and directives in a
colorful, imaginative and expressive manner.
The two related aspects of the communication style of
charismatic leaders are
1. Management by Inspiration
2. Management by Anecdote

1. MANAGEMENT BY INSPIRATION
According to Jay. A. Conger an important way to inspire others is
to articulate a highly emotional message.

Using Metaphors and Analogies

Women come to us not knowing they can fly. With the help and
encouragement, they find their wings and then they fly very well
indeed.
- Mary Kay

Gearing Language to Different Audiences

Metaphors and analogies are inspiring, but effective leaders
must also choose the level of language to suit the audience.
Conger has observed that an executives ability to speak on a
colloquial level helps create appeal.

2. MANAGEMENT BY ANECDOTE
Management by anecdote is the technique of
inspiring and instructing team members by
telling fascinating stories.
The technique is a major contributor to
building a strong company culture.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF
CHARISMA
Several behaviors of charismatic people can be
developed through practice and self-discipline.
Create Visions for others
Be Enthusiastic, Optimistic and Energetic
Be Sensibly Persistent
Remember Names of people
Make an Impressive Appearance
Be Candid
Display an In-Your-Face Attitude.

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADER

A transformational leader is one who brings about positive, major

changes in an organization.
How Transformations Take Place
THE LEADER:
1. Raises peoples
awareness
2. Helps people look
beyond self-interest
3. Helps people search for
self-fulfillment
4. Helps people understand
need for change
5. Invests managers with
sense of urgency
6. Is committed to
greatness
7. Adopts a long-range,
broad perspective
8. Builds trust

TRANSFORMATIONS

ATTRIBUTES OF TRANSFORMATIONAL
LEADERS
Charismatic
Vision
Encourage the personal development of
their staff
Supportive Leadership
Empowerment
Innovative thinking
Lead by example

THE IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL AND

CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP ON
PERFORMANCE

Business Unit Performance

The measure of business unit performance represents the degree

to which the manager reached goals for the year, calculated in
terms of the percentage of goals met.

Charismatic Leader Behavior in Military Units

Four factors were used to measure charisma

Showing supportive behavior toward soldiers

Displaying exemplary behavior such as showing energy and
activity, courage and self-confidence
Emphasizing ideological convictions including connecting the
units mission and tasks to broad values
Emphasizing collective identity or producing a distinctive
collective identity for the group.

DARK SIDE OF CHARISMA

Ethical Charismatic
Leader
Uses power to serve others

needs and aspirations

Considers and learns from
criticism.

Uses power only for personal

gain
Promotes personal vision
Censures critical or opposing
views
Demands own decisions

Encourages followers to

accepted without question

question leaders view

Insensitive to followers needs

Coaches, develops and

Relies on convenient external

supports followers

moral standards

Relies on internal moral

standards

Business Leadership, JG Unit 2

Aligns vision with followers

Unethical Charismatic
Leader

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