Lee, Hye Young

Saavedra, Herbert

 Definition

of Psychiatry
Differentiate between Psychiatry and
Psychology
Define Mental Health and Normality
Determinants of Human Behavior
Biological Factors
Socio-cultural Factors

 PSYCHIATRY
Psychiatry is a field of medicine which
deals with the diagnosis, treatment and
prevention of mental, emotional and
behavioral disorders.
It integrates biological, social and
psychological aspects of mental health to
provide holistic medical care for a wide
range of symptoms.

There are many fields in psychiatry

including general adult, child and
adolescent, eating disorders, old age,
substance dependence, forensic, hospital
psychiatry and neuropsychiatry.

In each of these areas research into the

causes of mental illness and the effects of
treatment are ongoing.

 To
To
To

define and recognize illnesses

identify methods for treating them
develop methods for discovering
their causes and implementing
preventive measures

 PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology is an academic and
applied discipline which involves the
scientific study of human or animal
mental function and behaviors.

 PSYCHIATRY
Medical
orientation
Focus :
mental illness or
abnormality

PSYCHOLOY
Focus :
normal
functioning

Psychiatry

Psychology

Practitioner:

Psychiatrist

Psychologist

Practitioner's
Nature:

Physician

Scientist or Clinician

Objective of the
study:

To treat mental illness

to systematically
investigate the human
mind, including
behavior and cognition

Major fields of
study:

Psychiatric medication
& Tomography

Clinical psychology &

Research Psychology

MD or DO

PhD, PsyD or EdD

Johann Christian Reil

Rudolp Gockel

Licensed
Practioners:
Name Developed
by:

 the

successful performance of
mental functions, in terms of
thought, mood, and behavior that
results in productive activities,
fulfilling relationships with others,
and the ability to adapt to change
and to cope with adversity
Mental Health: Report of the Surgeon General

Psychically normal persons are those who are

in harmony with themselves and with their
environment.

They conform with the cultural requirements

or injunctions of their community.

They may possess medical deviation or

disease, but as long as this does not impair
their reasoning, judgment, intellectual
capacity, and ability to make a harmonious
personal and social adaptation, they may be
regarded as psychically sound or normal.
Robert Campbell (Campbells Psychiatric Dictionary)

as patterns of behavior or personality traits

that are typical or that conform to some
standard of proper and acceptable ways of
behaving and being.

A state of complete physical, mental, and

social well-being.
World Health Organization (WHO)

Capacity for work and enjoyment.

Ability to love and work. Sigmund Freud

 Mental

well-being

The absence of a mental disorder

Mental

Disorder

a behavioral or psychological syndrome or

pattern associated with distress (e.g., a

painful symptom), or with a significantly
increased risk of suffering, death, pain,
disability, or an important loss of freedom.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMIV-TR)

 Psychosis
grossly impaired reality testing.
synonymous with severe impairment of

social and personal functioning

characterized by social withdrawal and
inability to perform the usual household
and occupational roles.

 Neurosis
a chronic or recurrent disorder that is

characterized mainly by anxiety, which

appears alone or as a symptom such as an
obsession, compulsion, phobia, or a sexual
dysfunction.
implies that reality testing and personality

organization is intact but the person is

distressed by a variety of disturbing
symptoms.

 Normality
Normality
Normality
Normality

as
as
as
as

Health
Utopia
Average
Process

 Normality

as Health

Traditional approach to health & illness.

Equates normality with health and view health as an

almost universal phenomenon.

Thus, behavior is assumed to be within normal limits

when no manifestations of psychopathology is

present.
A healthy person is free of undue pain, disability, or

discomfort. -John Romano

 Normality

as Utopia

Harmonious and optimal blending of the

diverse elements of the mental apparatus

that culminates in optimal functioning
ideal person
normal ego is like normality in general,

an ideal fiction. -Sigmund Freud

 Normality

as Average

Commonly used normative studies of

behavior, based on a mathematical

principle of the bell-shaped curve.

al
rm
o
N

 Normality

as Process

Normal behavior is the end result of

interacting systems
Temporal changes are essential to a
complete definition of normality
Example:
Erik Erikson's conceptualization of the
epigenesis of personality development and
the seven developmental stages essential in
the attainment of mature adult functioning.

 George
A

Mora, M.D.

system to describe behavioral

manifestations that are normal in
one context but not in another,
depending on how the person is
viewed by the society

Conceptualized normality by describing

the autonomous functions of the ego.

These are psychological capacities present

at birth that are conflict free, that is,
uninfluenced by the internal psychic
world.

Includes:
Perception
Comprehension
Language
Learning

Intuition
Thinking
Motor development
Intelligence

Described a personal world as the way a person

thinks or feels that could be either normal or
abnormal.

Personal world is Abnormal, when:

(1) it springs from a condition that is recognized
universally as abnormal.
(2) separates the person from others emotionally.
(3) does not provide the person with a sense of
material and spiritual security.

Biologic Factors
Genetic Structure
Heredity

(nature)

Socio-Cultural
Factors
Family Dynamics
Parental Care

(nurture)
Peer influence
Community/Social
norms and mores