MODAL AUXILIARY

Auxiliary Verbs
Merupakan bentuk kata kerja yang
digunakan untuk membantu kata
kerja utama, sehingga artinya
menjadi lebih jelas.
Primary Auxiliary
Modal Auxiliary

Primary Auxiliary
Kata kerja bantu yang difungsikan
untuk membentuk karakter tenses.
Terdiri dari:
Be (am, are, is, was, were, been, being,
be)
Do (do, does, did)
Have (have, has, had)

Modal Auxiliary
Kata kerja bantu yang selain difungsikan
untuk membentuk karakter tenses juga
difungsikan untuk menambahkan arti.
Terdiri dari:
Basic Modal (will, shall, can, could, would,
should, ought to, had better, must, may, might)
Phrasal Modal (be going to, be able to, used to,
be supposed to, have to, have got to, be to, be
allowed to, be permitted to)
Semi Modal (need, dare)

Rules of Modal Auxiliary

Modal Auxiliary selalu diikuti oleh bare infinitive (V1)
He
He
He
He

can
can
can
can

help me (correct)
helps me (incorrect)
helped me (incorrect)
helping me (incorrect)

Modal Auxiliary tidak boleh diawali dengan To

Infinitive
He can help me (correct)
He to can help me (incorrect)

Modal Auxiliary tidak boleh ditambahkan s

He can help me (correct)
he cans help me (incorrect)

 Tidak boleh ada 2 basic modal dalam

satu kalimat
He will let me sing (correct)
He will can help her (incorrect)

Modal Auxiliary tidak boleh bertemu

dengan primary auxiliary yang lain
kecuali have
He must have paid the bill (correct)
He doesnt can come here (incorrect)

Basic Modal

WILL
Expressing future action
Julie will spend her holidays in the country

Request
Will you carry that bag for me?

Offering
Will you join our company?

Willingness
I will help you

Possibility
He has been working hard all day, he will be very
tired

SHALL
Expressing future action
I shall marry her next year
We shall invite them to my birthday
party

Offering
Shall i close the window?
Shall i make coffe to you?

Promise
We shall meet him tomorrow

CAN
Ability
She can speak English
She can drive a car

Disability
I cant help you
She can not help you

Possibility
Lily can be at home at noon
He can be at Korea right now

Impossibility
It cant be yours
You cant miss the bus

 Asking permission
Can i join the club?
Can i take my vacation this weekend?

Giving permission
You can use my motorcycle
You can play after class

Offering
Can i help you?
What can i do for you?

Request
Can you accompany me to Swiss?
Can you leave me alone for a moment?

Suggestion
You can play iPad or PS to fill your spare time
You can go to the beach or mountain for your vacation

COULD
Past ability
I could run ten miles per hour when i was seventeen years old
I could sing well three years ago

Asking permission
could i use your phone
Could i go home now

Giving permission
You could join our summer vacation
You could stay here for a while

Possibility
It could start raining any minute
He could be at his house

 Impossibility
He could not be sick because i met him this
morning
She could not be out of town because i just saw her

Request
Could you please close the window?
Could you help me carry my lugage?

Suggestion
You could bargain the price to the manager
You could finish your work at home

WOULD
Past form of will
He would go to Semarang last month
She would come to our party last night

Past habit = used to

I would swim in Ancol every Sunday
They would visit me twice a month

Polite request
Would you open the window, please?
Would you please wait for me for a minute?

 Willingness (followed by like)

I would like to thank you
What would you like to drink?

Preference (followed by rather)

We would rather go to the beach than
the mountain
I would rather stay at home than go to
the mall

SHOULD
Past form of shall
We should make a party last Saturday
I should go to school before my uncle
came

Sugesstion
He is tired. He should take a rest
You should save your money

OUGHT TO
Suggestion/advisability
You ought to not stay up untill late at
night because you have to get up early
They ought to study everyday

HAD BETTER
Advisability (otherwise, it has a bad
effect)
You had better go to the doctor if you
get sick
She had better obey her father or he will
be mad
You had better do your homework or the
teacher will give you punishment

MUST
Strong necessity
you must finish your work
Everyone must obey the rule

Prohibition (must + not)

You must not eat or drink in the lab
You must not smoke in the public area

Possibility
He must be sleep now
He must be in africa right now

MAY
Asking permission
May i borrow your pen?
May i go home now?

Giving permission
You may leave the class after finishing your task
Everyone may criticize the goverment

Prohibition (may + not)

You may not scratch the wall
You may not take the exam if you have three
times absent

 Wishes
May you both be happy
May God bless you

Possibility
She may be late
He may be very happy after winning the
election

MIGHT
Past form of may
I told him that he might join our class
They might play soccer in the stadium yesterday

Possibility
He might go to the zoo
She might have met the head master yesterday

Polite request (rare)

Might i borrow your book, please?
Might we see the menu?