Electrostatics

QASIM ANWAR CHAUDARY

AMIR ZULFIQAR
MUHAMMAD UMER

BSCS 14
BSSE 18
BSSE 40

ELECTROSTATICS

ELECTROSTATIC

WHAT IS A CHARGE

HOW A BODY IS CHARGED BY

RUBBING AND BY INDUCTION

COULOMBS LAW INTRODUCTION

ELECTROSTATICSIS A BRANCH
OFPHYSICSTHAT DEALS WITH THE PHENOMENA
AND PROPERTIES OF STATIONARY OR
MOVINGELECTRIC CHARGES.

ELECTRIC CHARGE
Charge known as electric charge, electrical
charge, or electrostatic charge and
symbolizedwith q, is a characteristic of a unit
ofmatterthat expresses the extent to which
it has more or fewer electrons than protons.
Inatoms, the electron carries a negative
elementary or unit charge; the proton carries
a positive charge. The two types of charge are
equal and opposite.

ALL ELECTRONS HAVE EXACTLY THE SAME

CHARGE; THE CHARGE ON THE PROTON
(IN THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS) HAS THE SAME
MAGNITUDE BUT THE OPPOSITE SIGN:

Magnitude Of An Electrons Charge, e

e = 1.602 x 10-19 C
SI Unit : Coulomb, C

POSITIVE ION

&

NEGATIVE ION

The atom that has lost an electron is now

positively charged it is a positive ion
The atom that has gained an electron is now
negatively charged it is a negative ion

THE CONCEPT OF A FIELD

A field is defined as a
property of space in which a
material object experiences
a force.
Above earth, we say there is
a gravitational field at P.
Because a mass m
experiences a downward
force at that point.
The direction of the field is
determined by the force.

After being rubbed, a plastic ruler can

attract paper scraps.
Ruler carries electric charge.
It exerts electric force on paper.
This charging
method is called
charging by
friction.

The interaction
between static
electric charges
is called
electrostatics

WHERE DO CHARGES COME

FROM?
Rubbing materials does NOT
create electric charges. It just
transfers electrons from one
material to the other.

INSULATORS AND
CONDUCTORS
Insulators:
materials that do
NOT allow
electrons to flow
through them
easily

Conductors: materials
that allow electrons to
flow through them
easily

INDUCTION:

The production of a charge in an

uncharged body by bringing a charged object close to it

Charged objectdoes not touchthe electroscope.

Electroscope ends upoppositely chargedto the

object used to charge it

The first charge is strong andstays strongeach

time the electroscope is recharged. (This is due to
the original object not losing any charge in the
process.)

ELECTRIC FIELD
we define a source charges (q) electric field in terms of the
force it would exert on a test charge (q0) if the test charge
were present.
This is a tricky, abstract concept.

qq0
Fe it. ke 2 r
Think about
r

First, lets pretend the test charge is in the picture, sitting a

distance r away from the source charge. We can write
down the force on the test charge. From Coulombs Law,
Considerits:
a system of two point charges, and ,
separated by a distance in vacuum. The force
exerted by on is given by Coulomb's law

qq0
Fe ke 2 r
r

ELECTRIC FIELD

qq0
Fe ke 2 r
r

Now, lets play a trick. Lets divide the test charge

Fe
qq0
q

ke
r

k
r
e
q0
q0 r 2
r2

This is what we call the electric field. It is a measure of the

amount of force exerted per unit of test charge at some
point in space.

Fe
E
q0

ELECTRIC FIELD
The
Electric
Field

Fe
E
q0

The amount of
force a test charge
would feel at some
point in space.

The amount of charge in the test charge.

Electric Field The force per unit charge. The electric field
is a vector quantity. It has units of [N/C].
The E-field tells you how much force will be generated per
unit charge at some point in space.

ELECTRIC FIELD VECTOR, E

E = F/ qo
qo , positive test charge
E is a vector quantity
Unit: N/C
E is analogous to the
gravitational field, g, where
g=F/m

CONDUCTORS AND ELECTRIC FIELDS

(UNDER ELECTROSTATIC CONDITIONS)
The electric field is zero inside a charged
conductor.
Excess charge on an isolated conductor
resides on the surface.
Excess charge accumulates on sharp points.
Electric field lines meet the conductor
perpendicular to the surface of the conductor.