A

Seminar
On

A Literature Review on Fatigue Properties of Hybrid

Joints

Presented By

Nadaf Anisahmed R.
Under Guidance of

Dr.V.V.KULKARNI

INTRODUCTION
Resistance spot welding is a process in which contacting metal
surfaces are joined by the heat obtained from resistance to
electric current.

The advantages of using spot welds are that the joining process is
faster, no filler material is required, and dimensional accuracy is
better preserved during welding with local heating.
Hybrid joints are obtained by combination of two or more joining
processes.

INTRODUCTION
Fatigue is the weakening of a material caused by repeatedly applied
loads. It is the progressive and localized structural damage that occurs
when a material is subjected to cyclic loading.
The number of stress cycles of a specified character that a specimen
sustains before failure of a specified nature occurs is called fatigue life.
Fatigue fracture occurs at a stress concentration due to a geometrical
discontinuity of the weld toe or root in a welded joint, therefore, it is
very important to predict an accurate fatigue life considering factors
such as weld quality, geometry, surface finish, and load conditions.

Models for Fatigue Life Prediction

General fatigue models are basically classified as
1. Stress Based Approaches. Models are based on assumption that
the range of values for stress controls the fatigue behavior of a
component.
2. Strain-Based Approaches. According to these models, the range
of values for strain controls the fatigue life. They also take into
account the effect of plastic strain.

Models for Fatigue Life Prediction

The fatigue assessment involves comparison of the actions which the
component or structure under consideration will be required to
sustain during its design life with its resistance to fatigue.
The methods for assessing the fatigue lives of welded joints is
contained in the new IIW fatigue design recommendations is given
below they are:
1. Nominal Stress Approach
2. Hot Spot Stress Approach
3. Notch Stress Approach

LITERATURE SURVEY
Tomoyuki in his paper carried out fatigue test on Spot Welded and Spot Weld

Bonded Joints of Mild Steel and Ultra High Strength Steel plates of 1..4 mm
thickness.
Fatigue life of spot welded joints was almost the same for both the material.

For spot weld bonded joints the average shear stress of ultra high strength
steel is more than mild steel.
Mild Steel specimen for spot weld bonded joint the initiation and propagation

of debonding is faster as compare to Ultra High Strength Steel these is due to

the strength of base metal.
The fatigue lives of spot weld bonded joints are 350 to 100 times longer than

of the spot welded joints.

LITERATURE SURVEY

Ahmet H. Ertas in his paper a series of experiments was conducted to study

the fatigue failure of spot-welded modified tensile-shear specimens made
of a low carbon cold rolled steel.

There were various failure modes for spot welds.

The number of cycles to failure for manual-type spot-welded specimens

was 3045% lower than that of the automated-type joints.

LITERATURE SURVEY

W. Xu in his paper studied the microstructures, tensile and fatigue

properties of weld-bonded (WB) AZ31B-H24 Mg/Mg joints with different
sizes of bonding area were evaluated and compared with the adhesivebonded (AB) Mg/Mg joints.

In all the joints tested, cohesive failure mode along the adhesive layer was
observed at the higher cyclic stress levels, and fatigue failure occurred in
the base metal at the lower cyclic stress levels. The cohesive failure in the
weld-bonded joints was often accompanied by the occurrence of partial
nugget pull-out from the weld. A higher fatigue limit was observed in the
WB-0.5 joints than in the WB-1 joints owing to the presence of fewer
shrinkage pores.

LITERATURE SURVEY

Jidong Kang in his paper conducted study on the load-controlled fatigue

behavior of dissimilar aluminum alloy spot welds made of 2mm thick
AA5754 wrought sheet and 3mm thick Aural2 die casting sheet with and
without the addition of adhesive prior to welding.

The nugget size which corresponds to the tensile and bending strength
dominates fatigue life in the two aluminum dissimilar spot welds used in
the present study.

The maximum structural stress-fatigue life curve for AA5754 to Aural2

dissimilar aluminum spot welds with and without adhesive falls onto a master
curve indicating that the nugget size which corresponds to the tensile and
bending strength dominates fatigue life.

CONCLUSION

The nominal stress method provides good agreement with the test results
only when the shear stress distribution over the welded section and the
normal stress distribution over the girder section are considered correctly.

The fatigue strength of spot weld-bonded specimen is higher than that of

spot welded specimen. The stress intensity factors at a nugget edge are low
at the beginning of fatigue and increase with the progress of interfacial
debonding.

The fatigue strength of spot-weld-bonded specimens is improved because

the stress concentration at the nugget edge was reduced by adhesive
bonding during large part of fatigue life.

REFERENCE
Tomoyuki
Fujii,
Keiichiro
Tohgo,
Yukinori
Suzuki,
Takahiro
Yamamoto,
Yoshinobu Shimamura and Yoshifumi Ojima Fatigue Properties of Spot Welded and Spot WeldBonded Joints of Steel Sheet Procedia Engineering 10 (2011) 10751080.
Ahmet H. Ertas, Oktem Vardar, Fazil O. Sonmez, Zafer Solim Measurement and Assessment of
Fatigue Life of Spot-Weld Joints Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology JANUARY
2009, Vol. 131 / 011011-1.
W. Xu, L. Liu , Y. Zhou , H. Mori , D.L. Chen Tensile and fatigue properties of weld-bonded and
adhesive-bonded magnesium alloy joints Materials Science & Engineering A563 (2013) 125-132.
Jidong Kang, Yuhua Chen, David Sigler, Blair Carlson, David S. Wilkinson Fatigue Behavior of
Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy Spot Welds Procedia Engineering 114 (2015) 149 156.
Xin Long, Sanjeev K. Khanna Fatigue properties and failure characterization of spot welded high
strength steel sheet International Journal of Fatigue 29 (2007) 879886.
Tabassum Karajagi and Nitin Ambhore Review of Fatigue Analysis of Welded Joints
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.5, No.3 (June 2015).

THANK YOU