Preparation and disorders

Ecological framework
Approaches
Implementation in classroom
Examples

Preparation
It is a must for us to know our pupils
This can be done through out the

years
A simple notation in pupils personal
file
Avoid early judgmental
Teachers knowledge
Awareness of pupils pattern

Disorders

What is it like to
be dyslexic?

Dyslexia
The word dyslexia comes from two

Greek words:dys, which means

abnormal or impaired, andlexis,
which refers to language or words.
A person with a learning disability
has trouble processing words or
numbers.

What Causes Dyslexia?

Research shown that dyslexia

happens because of the way the

brain processes information.

 The main problem in dyslexia is trouble

recognizing phonemes
They may also have trouble expressing
themselves in writing and even
speaking.
Dyslexia is a language processing
disorder, so it can affect all forms of
language, either spoken or written.
Spelling and writing usually are very
hard for people with dyslexia.

How Is Dyslexia
Diagnosed?

Parents or teachers might suspect dyslexia if they

notice many of these problems:
Poor reading skills, despite having normal

intelligence
Poor spelling and writing skills
Difficulty finishing assignments and tests within
time limits
Difficulty remembering the right names for things
Difficulty memorizing written lists and phone
numbers
Difficulty with directions (telling right from left or
up from down) or reading maps
Difficulty getting through foreign language classes

ADHD
ADHD used to be known

asattention deficit disorder,

orADD. In 1994, it was renamed
ADHD and broken down into three
subtypes, each with its own pattern
of behaviors

An inattentive type
trouble paying attention to details or a tendency to

make careless errors in schoolwork or other

activities
difficulty staying focused on tasks or play activities
apparent listening problems
difficulty following instructions
problems with organization
avoidance or dislike of tasks that require mental
effort
tendency to lose things like toys, notebooks, or
homework
distractibility
forgetfulness in daily activities

A hyperactive-impulsive
type
fidgeting or squirming
difficulty remaining seated
excessive running or climbing
difficulty playing quietly
always seeming to be "on the go"
excessive talking
blurting out answers before hearing the
full question
difficulty waiting for a turn or in line
problems with interrupting or intruding

A combined type
Although it can be challenging to

raise kids with ADHD, it's important

to remember they aren't "bad,"
"acting out," or being difficult on
purpose. And they have difficulty
controlling their behavior without
medicine or behavioral therapy.

Ecological Framework
It is a summary of factor that

effecting targeted remedial pupils

Teacher

Peer factor
Pupils
problem
(selective
mutism)
Physical
setting

Curriculum
resources

 If we failed to know this framework we

will lead the pupils into a F A T

complication
F Frustration
A Anxiety
T Tension
In a nut shell it is basically a reminder for
teacher about the external factor that
can be related to pupil (behaving
disorderly or facing disordeer).

Approaches
We should cater to 4 core sections.
V (visual) - information through his eyes
A (auditory) - information through his ears

K (kinesthetic)

Information through

movements

T (tactile) movement

sense of touch and fine motor

 Instruction need to be clear, short and

repeatative.
7 seconds of waiting time (world wide)
Silent way
Grammar translation method
Direct method
Audio lingual method
Total physical response method

Implementation in
classroom
The importance of phonics
It is the foundation of English
Pictoral Phonetic charts
Phonological awareness
Charts
We try to teach concrete item in

order to form abstract understanding

Example of lesson plan

format

Q and A
Session