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network.
Routing.
Routers maintain up-to-date information
of the network topology.
information is maintained in the form of a
routing table stored at each node.
Forwarding.
For each incoming packet, a router
processes the packet header and looks up
its routing table to determine the output
port for that packet.
makes some changes to the header itself
and reinsert the header at the output.
Switching.
Switching is the actual process of
switching the incoming packet to the
appropriate output port determined
by the forwarding process.
The hardware that does the
switching is called the switch fabric
Switch fabric
Its input ports are attached to
a stage of tunable wavelength
converters (TWCs),
followed
by
an
arrayed
waveguide grating (AWG)
and one stage of wavelength
converters (WC),which are
followed by the output ports.
To switch a packet from an
input port to an output port,
the input ports TWC has its
outgoing wavelength tuned so
that the packet will be routed
through the AWG to the
packets output port
Buffering.
Multiple packets arrive simultaneously
at different inputs of a router.
Several of these may have to be
switched to the same output port.
Only one packet can be switched to any
given output port.
a packet-interleaved optical
multiplexer.
Detailed
compression
stage