Unit 2

Part 2

DOUBLE SIDEBAND SUPPRESSED CARRIER

MODULATION (DSB-SC) (SimonH)
The standard form of amplitude modulation consists of three
components viz the lower and upper side bands, and a carrier
component.
TIME- DOMAIN DESCRIPTION
To describe double- sideband suppressed carrier modulated wave as a
function of time, we write
( product of carrier and message signal)
This modulated wave undergoes a phase reversal when the message signal
crosses zero as shown in figure2.6.
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Figure 2.6: (a) Message signal (b)

DSBSC modulated wave

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FREQUENCY DOMAIN DESCRIPTION

The carrier component that is suppressed can be observed if we apply

Fourier transform to the time domain signal

Figure 2.7: (a) Spectrum of message signal (b)

spectrum of DSBSC modulated wave
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 Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier

(DSBSC) System
BALANCED MODULATOR:

The modulating signal inputs to the two modulators are of

reverse polarity.
MODULATOR OUTPUTS:
v1(t) = Vc (1 + m sin m t) sin c t
= Vc sin c t + (m Vc / 2) cos (c - m )t - (m Vc / 2 ) cos
(c + m )t

v2(t) = Vc (1 - m sin m t) sin c t

= Vc sin c t (m Vc / 2) cos (c - m )t + (m Vc / 2) cos
(c + m )t
Output, v0(t) = v1(t) - v2(t)
= 2 (m Vc / 2) [ cos (c - m )t - cos (c + m )t ]

Thus the carrier is suppressed and only the two side

bands remain.

COHERENT DETECTION OF DSBSC MODULATED WAVES

Product

s(t)

v(t)

modulator

Low-pass
Filter

v0(t)

Cos(2fct+)
Local
oscillator

Figure 2.9: Coherent detection of DSBSC

modulated wave

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The original modulating signal (message) can be retrieved from the

modulated wave

by first multiplying with a locally generated sinusoidal

wave and then low-pass filtering the product, as shown in figure 2.6. The
local oscillator output is exactly coherent or synchronized (in both
frequency and phase) with the carrier wave used in the product modulator
to generate . This method is of detection is called coherent detection or
synchronous detection.
We know the time domain description of a DSBSC wave can be given as :
.
Similarly, from figure 2.6 the product modulator output is given as

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Single Side Band (SSB) modulator :

The two sidebands are images of each other and the
information can be sent by the use of only one sideband.
The AM wave obtained after suppressing the carrier and
one of the side bands is called an SSB signal.

Filter method of sideband suppression

Crystal oscillator : It generates the carrier signal

Buffer : It amplifies the carrier signal.
Audio amplifier: The AF signal is the modulating wave and
is amplified by the audio amplifier before it is fed to the
balanced modulator.
Balanced modulator: The carrier is suppressed in the
balanced modulator and the remaining two sidebands are
sent through the sideband suppression filter. The USB or
the LSB will be removed depending upon the specific
circuit arrangement.
Sideband Suppression Filter : It must have a flat bandpass
and extremely high attenuation outside the bandpass.
The other two methods used for sideband suppression are
1. The Phase-shift method
2. The Third method

PHASE DESCRIMINATION METHOD OF GENERATING AN SSB

MODULATED WAVE

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Receiver is a circuit which performs the

following functions
1) selects the required signal from all the other unwanted signals.
2) amplifies the selected signal.
3) demodulates and displays it in the desired manner.

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Working:
1) The first stage RF amplifier receives the modulated
signal frequency of interest, fs . It can be tuned from
540 kHz to 1640 kHz.
2) The modulated signal is amplified and fed to the mixer
stage. The mixer receives two signals the un modulated
signal from the local oscillator and the modulated signal
from the RF amplifier.
3) The local oscillator is a tunable circuit with a tuning
range from 995 kHz to 2105 kHz. It produces a signal of
frequency fo.
4) In the mixer circuits fs and fo signals are combined to produce a signal
of a lower fixed frequency called the intermediate frequency (IF).
Thus fo - fs = fi

5) The output from the mixer is fed to an intermediate

frequency amplifier (IF amp.). It amplifies a narrow band
of select frequencies (455kHz 3kHz.)
6) This IF signal contains the same modulation as the
original carrier. It is then amplified and detected to
reproduce the original information.
7) The detector stage removes one of the sidebands and
separates RF from AF. RF is filtered to ground and AF is
fed to the audio stages for amplification . The last stage is
the speaker stage from which the output is heard.

Problems

1. A modulating signal consists of a peak-to-peak voltage 11v. It is used to amplitude modulate a

carrier of peak voltage 10v. Calculate the modulation index?
2. An AM signal is represented by the equationvolts What are the values of the carrier and modulating
frequencies? What are the amplitudes of the carrier and of the upper and lower side frequencies?
What is the modulation index? What is the bandwidth of this signal?
3. A transmitter puts out a total power of 25 Watts of 30% AM signal. How much power is contained in
the carrier and each of the sidebands?
4. A carrier wave of frequency 10 MHz and peak value 10V is amplitude modulated by a 5 KHz sine
wave of amplitude 6V. Determine the modulation index and amplitude of the side frequencies.
5. A broadcast radio transmitter radiates 10KW, when the modulation percentage is 60. How much of
this is carrier power.
6. A radio transmitter radiates 10 KW and carrier power is 8.5 KW. Calculate modulation index.
7. A 400 W carrier is modulated to a depth of 7.5 %. Calculate total power in the modulated wave.
8. The antenna current of an AM transmitter
is 8 Amps, when only the carrier
is sent, but it increases to
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8.93A, when the carrier is modulated by a single sine wave. Find percentage modulation. Determine the