GREEN

CITY

DEFINITION OF GREEN CITIES

United Nation : Green cities are defined as those that are
environmentally
friendly.
Indicators
measuring
environmental performance can include: levels of
pollution and carbon emission, energy and water
consumption, water quality, energy mix, waste volumes
and recycling rates, green-space ratios, primary forests,
and agricultural land loss (Meadows 1999, Brugman
1999).
ADB : Way of making the environment healthier and
more liveable through improvement of air, water and
land.
Saripah (2013) : A green city is a city designed with the
consideration of an environmental place inhabited by
people, who are dedicated to the minimization of waste
output and pollution, amongst other things.

THE NEED OF GREEN CITY

Asian cities have provided better economic
opportunities and higher standards of living for millions
of people.

These benefits have often come at very high

environmental and social costs. Ever-growing numbers
of residents, inadequate infrastructure, worsening
traffic, polluted air, contaminated rivers, and rising
inequalities are just a few of many challenges cities
must contend with.
Increasing affluence and growing urban populations are
likely to further increase resource consumption and
greenhouse gas emissions, and without dramatic
changes, cities problems will likely worsenliveability
will further decline, and economic productivity will
suffer.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Rapid urban growth

tends to overwhelm
cities where the
struggle to develop
infrastructure,
mobilise and manage
resources has
negative
consequences for the
environment.

Cities of different wealth

levels impact the
environment differently.
Local environmental threats
are most severe in poorer
cities and relate to issues
such as fresh water,
sewage, health and the
degradation of the living
environment.

Rapidly urbanising areas

(uncontrolled) leading on to
urban sprawl of affluent
populations with lower
development densities and
increased dependency on the
private car and to the
peripheralisation of the urban
poor, decreasing their access
to the city and its workplaces,
services and infrastructure.

As cities become
more prosperous,
with wider and
deeper patterns of
consumption and
production, their
environmental
impacts area
increasingly felt at
the global level

OPPORTUNITIES

The environmental
performance of cities is
dependent on a combination
of effective green strategies
and physical structure
urban form, size, density
and configuration.

Cities are incubators of

innovation due to the close
interaction of their
residents and workers who
benefit from the exchange
of ideas and opportunities.

The interrelationship
of energy systems
and city fabric can
lead to particular
synergies.

KEY PILLARS GREEN CITY

DEVELOPMENT

APPROACH TO GREENING
CITIES
1. Focus arterial and secondary road
network
2. Public transport infrastructure
efficient
3. Use of zero-emission vehicles and
bicycles

The substantial
amount of energy that
cities consume
provides a significant
opportunity for energy
savings, which can be
achieved through
technical innovations.

Parks and open plazas are

vital components of such
designs, since trees
absorb carbon and sulfur
emissions, filter dust, cool
the urban environment,
produce oxygen, and help
lower carbon monoxide
and carbon dioxide levels.

overcome the problems

associated
with industrial waste
generation is
to turn the by-products of
one
industry into the inputs of
another

Incentives for
constructing energy
-efficient buildings
and adopting
energy
conservation
behaviors are
most effective.

BENEFIT OF GREEN CITY

WHAT WILL A GREEN CITY

LOOK A LIKE

Region
Latin
Americ
a

Asian

1. IMPLEMENTED GREEN
CITY

City
Best
Practice:
Curitiba
Belo
Horizonte
Bogota

Component/Achievement
Bus Rapid Transit
Renowned recycling program

Rio de
Janeiro
BestPaulo
Sao
Practice:
Singapore

Eco-building
Water and air quality policies
Citys TransMilenio bus rapid transit fleet (use natural
gas)
Clean energy policy

Cutting-edge
plan
Climate
Changewater
Actionrecycling
Policy
Waste to energy facilities
Vehicles quota system
Road pricing program

Shanghai

Lowest water leakage rate

Longest metro network world
Wind farm and energy efficient building
Third lowest amount of waste among 22 Asian city
Integrated public transit pricing that call one card for
all which can be used for bus, metro, ferry and taxi

Nanjing

Asian

2. IMPLEMENTED GREEN
CITYof green space
Guangzh Largest amount
ou
Beijing
Delhi

Malaysia

Vietnam

no-car days
Park and ride system
Reduce, reuse and recycle waste strategy
Public engagement
eco-code
eco-club
IMT-GT Green City Initiative
Solar Farm
Melaka Electric Bus
Melaka Electric car charging station network
Solar Community Project
Melaka Biodiesel Program
Melaka Smart Grid Pilot Project
Green Building
2+1 Municipal Waste Collection System
No Plastic Bag Day Program
IMTGT International Green Technology Training Centre
(IGTC)
Eco business in manufacturing and services
Improve the urban environment including Dam Vace
Lake
Regional eco-tourism
Become a regional leader in high education and health

3. IMPLEMENTED GREEN
CITY
Best
recycling rate
77% municipal

US and
Canad practice:
a
San
Francisco
Vancouver

African Cape Town

Durban
Accra

Energy-efficiency awareness program

Pre-tax benefits for mass transit expenses

Targeting for all resident to live within a five minute walk

of a park, greenway or other green space by 2020
Planting 150,000 new trees by 2020
Comprehensive Energy and Climate Change Action Plan
Durban Climate Change Partnership
Energy efficient building
Environmental monitoring and policy in public
participation
Attract considerable outside investment in transport,
water and sanitation infrastructure from international
agencies
Extensive public transport system including a metro
system, suburban railway and bus networks, and
virtually all residents live within 350 metres of public
transport
Upgrading municipal building to the highest standard for
energy saving
Worlds best cycle city
Tax break, grant and concessional loans to incentivize
energy-efficient retrofitting for housing
biofuel-fired power generation plant,

Europe Best
an
practice:
Copenhage
n

Vilnius

COMPARISON AND
JUSTIFICATION
Country
Melaka,
Malaysia

Vinh-yen,
Vietnam

Indicato Initiative
r
MURNIne 1. Water management
t
2. Energy efficiency and
renewable energy
3. Green transportation
4. Cultural heritage and
tourism
5. Urban forestry and
agricultural
Asian
1. Promote Eco business in
Develop
manufacturing and services
ment
2. Improve the urban
Bank
environment, including Dam
(ADB)
Vac lake
policies 3. Promote regional
ecotourism focused on Dam
Vac lake and Tam Dao Park
4. Become a regional leader in
higher education and health
care services

Approach
1. Process oriented
action
2. Planning action
3. Feasibility studies
4. Specific
government
program
5. Demonstration
program
1. Partnership
2. Institutional
arrangement for
implementation
3. Cumulative
benefits and
economic
justification
4. Monitoring and
evaluation

SWOT

SWOT