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SAFETY HAZARDS

IN OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Shreya Sahajpal
Safety, Health and Environment (PE 421)

Safety Hazards

Vehicle Collisions
Struck-By/ Caught-In/ Caught-Between
Explosions and Fires
Falls
Confined Spaces
Ergonomic Hazards
High Pressure Lines and Equipment
Electrical and Other Hazardous Energy
Machine Hazards
Planning and Prevention

Vehicle Collisions

Highway vehicle crashes are the leading cause of oil


and gas extraction worker fatalities.
The following documents provide guidance on
recognizing and controlling vehicle-related hazards:

Motor Vehicle Safety: Addresses hazards, controls and


standards associated with motor vehicles
Work Zone Traffic Safety: Covers traffic safety in brief
Motor Vehicle Safety: Lists NIOSH publications and
current research into occupational motor vehicle safety
Work-Related Roadway Crashes: Prevention Strategies
for Employers: Provides statistics on work-related
vehicle accidents and prevention options for employers

Struck-By/ Caught-In/ CaughtBetween

Workers might be exposed to struckby/caught-in/caught-between hazards from


multiple sources, including moving vehicles or
equipment, falling equipment, and highpressure lines.
The following documents provide guidance on
recognizing and controlling these hazards:
Crane Safety: Addresses hazards, controls,
and standards associated with cranes
Struck-By: Covers struck-by hazards in the oil
and gas industry.

Explosions and Fires

Flammable gases, such as well gases, vapours, and hydrogen sulphide, can
be released from wells, trucks, production equipment or surface equipment
such as tanks and shale shakers.
Ignition sources can include static, electrical energy sources, open flames,
lightning, cigarettes, cutting and welding tools, hot surfaces, and frictional
heat.
The following documents provide guidance on recognizing and controlling
these hazards:
Well Site Ignition Sources: Lists sources of ignition at well sites and possible
controls.
Hot Work, Fire, and Explosive Hazards: Covers hazards associated with
performing hot work at oil and gas well sites.
Potential Flammability Hazard Associated with Bulk Transportation of Oilfield
Exploration and Production (E&P) Waste Liquids: Alerts oil and gas facilities
about the flammability of oilfield waste liquids.
Static Electricity Buildup in Plastic Pipe: Addresses the potential for static

Falls

Fall protection required to prevent falls from the mast, drilling platform,
and other elevated equipment

The following documents provide guidance on recognizing and


controlling this hazard:

Fall Protection: Addresses fall control and specific standards for general
industry and construction.

Walking/Working Surfaces: Covers hazards and standards associated


with work surfaces.

Fall Protection in General Industry: Covers fall protection in brief.

Falls: Covers sources of slips, trips, and fall hazards in the oil and gas
industry.

Walking and Working Surfaces and Fall Protection: Covers slips, trips,
and fall hazards in the oil and gas industry

Confined Spaces

The following documents provide guidance on recognizing and


controlling this hazard:

Confined Spaces: Addresses specific standards for the general industry


and shipyard employment.

Confined Space Entry on Drilling Rigs: Highlights potential asphyxiation


and toxic chemical exposure hazards in confined spaces on drilling
rigs.

Permit-Required Confined Spaces in General Industry: Covers confined


space entry in brief.

Confined Space: Covers confined space entry in the oil and gas
extraction industry.

Permit-Required Confined Space Entry: Covers confined space entry in


the oil and gas extraction industry.

Ergonomic Hazards

Oil and gas workers might be exposed to ergonomics-related injury


risks, such as lifting heavy items, bending, reaching overhead, pushing
and pulling heavy loads, working in awkward body postures, and
performing the same or similar tasks repetitively.

Risk factors and the resulting injuries can be minimized or, in many
cases, eliminated through interventions such as pre-task planning, use
of the right tools, proper placement of materials, education of workers
about the risk, and early recognition and reporting of injury signs and
symptoms.

The following documents provide guidance on recognizing and


controlling these hazards:

Strains and sprains: Lists solutions for preventing strains and sprains in
the oil and gas industry.

Ergonomics: Covers related standards and guidelines for preventing

High Pressure Lines and Equipment

Internal erosion of lines might result in leaks or line bursts,


exposing workers to high-pressure hazards from compressed
gases or from high-pressure lines.

The following documents provide guidance on recognizing and


controlling these hazards:

Compressed Gas and Equipment: Reviews standards and hazardcontrol measures associated with compressed gas and equipment.

Pressure Vessels: Reviews standards and hazard-control measures


associated with pressurized tanks and containers.

Electrical & Other Hazardous Energy

The following documents provide guidance on


recognizing and controlling these hazards:

Control of Hazardous Energy: Reviews general


industry standards, explains control programs

Hazardous Energy: Covers control of hazardous


energy in the oil and gas industry.

Machine Hazards

The following documents provide guidance


on recognizing and controlling these hazards:

Caught-Between: Covers sources of caughtbetween hazards at oil and gas drilling sites.

Machine

Guarding:

Covers

principles

of

machine guarding in the oil and gas industry

Occupational Safety and Health


Management System

Components of an Effective
Occupational Safety & Health
Management System
Health and Safety Plan
Oil and Gas Companys vision and approach towards
Health and Safety
Administration
Organizational hierarchy
Key details of persons responsible for managing health and
safety plans
Work Area Management
Proper
demarcation and management of workplace
according to processes, activities, design, etc.
Worksite inspections
Implementation of best practices and lessons learned from
the past experiences at workplace

H&S Risk Management


Set of systems and processes for managing Health & Safety
risks
Job Hazard analysis
Hazard ranking/risk matrix
Corrective action plans
Risk control levels analysis
Inventory Management
Maintenance of hazardous substance database
Task and Workflow Management
Role assignments - Involving and informing workers, safety
officers and others about their roles and responsibilities,
allocated tasks, etc.
Automated notifications

H&S Maintenance Systems


Performance and monitoring of H&S activities and corrective action as
needed
Incident Management
Recording, processing, investigation, reporting and root cause analysis
of any reported incident/ accident/near miss/safety observations
Occupational Health Management
Health protocols
Medical appointments
Injury/Illness management
Drug, alcohol and other medical testing
Management of Change
Identification of new hazards
Introduction of new equipment
Process change
New regulatory requirements

Emergency Response Plan


Disaster management/Emergency response plan for all the
potential predicaments based on predictive risk analysis
Alarm system
Statistics & Reporting
Relevant report generation from health and safety data
Interactive interface for higher management view and
decision making
Audit and Review
Audit and review programs to check and improve the
effectiveness of implemented Safety and Health
Management System

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