NON DESTRUCTIVE

TESTING OF
CONCRETE

SUB. BYUnder guidanceANSHUL KUMAR

KAMAL DEEP KUMAR
Prof. V. K. Gupta
ARVIND SINGH
NEERAJ BABU
HOD CIVIL DEPT.
SWETA SINGH
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Objective of NDT test

Nondestructive testing in the broad
sense refers to methods whereby
internal characteristics of solid
structures can be examined without
permanently affecting the structure.
Thus, parts that prove to be
satisfactory under specified test
conditions are not degraded by the
test procedures
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INTRODUCTION
Nondestructive testing (NDT) is the
process of inspecting, testing, or
evaluating materials, components or
assemblies for discontinuities, or
differences in characteristics without
destroying the serviceability of the part or
system. In other words, when the
inspection or test is completed the part
can still be used
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Purpose
1)-Assessment of Existing
Structures in the Absence of
Drawings.
2)-Quick assessment of the
structure.

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NDT Advantages
1. Access to hidden items see
through walls
2. Better investigations with NDT
3. Rapid accumulation of data
4. Generally less expensive than
destructive testing.

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NDT Disadvantages
1. More than one test method may be
required
2. Environmental conditions may effect
or
distort results
3. Construction details & building
components may effect results
4. Some conditions cannot be
determined with
a reasonable degree of accuracy
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TYPE OF NON
DESTRUCTIVE
OF
1-ReboundTESTING
Hammer
2-UltrasonicCONCRETE
Pulse Velocity Meter
3-Pull Out
4.Core cutter
5-Covermeter
6- X ray computed tomography
7. Electric resistivity test
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1.Rebound Hammer
The rebound hammer can provide a fairly
accurate estimate of concrete compressive
strength.
The concrete should be 14 to 56 days old.
Surface Condition:
The surface of the concrete at the point tested
must be smooth, dry, and free of honeycombing.
Otherwise, rebound readings will be low
Indicating a weaker concrete than is actually the
case. The rubbing stone provided can be used to
grind the surface smooth, if necessary.
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Location of Test Points:

The concrete to be tested must be at
least four inches thick: It is also
recommended that readings be taken
only where the concrete has been in
contact with the form. These conditions
are most easily satisfied if the readings
are taken along the edge of the tank on
the sides and ends where the adjoining
concrete face (i.e., wall, top, or bottom)
can support the point of contact.
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Testing Procedure
A). Remove hammer from case and press the
plunger end against a hard surface to
release the plunger from the locked position.
(Do not press lock button while doing this.)
B). Position hammer horizontally with
plunger end against wall at a point.
C). Slowly apply pressure until hammer fires.
This will occur when only approximately 1/2
inch of the plunger is still visible. Do not
press the lock button during this step.
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 With the hammer still pressed against

the wall, read the rebound number off
the scale provided on the hammer. If it
is necessary to move the hammer
before reading, press the lock button.
The rebound number should be read to
two significant figures.
Repeat the above procedure at
different points around the wall until a
total of ten readings has been taken

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2.Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity

Meter

This is based on the principle that the

velocity of an ultrasonic pulse through
any material depends upon the density.
Comparatively higher velocity is obtained
when concrete quality is good in terms of
density, uniformity etc.
Pulse Velocity measurements can be used
to assess the presence of cracks, voids
etc., quality of concrete relative to
standards requirements.
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There are three possible ways of

measuring pulse velocity.
i) Direct transmission
ii) Semi direct transmission
iii) Indirect transmission (surface
probing)
Out of the three methods, the
direct transmission method is
considered to be the best.
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condition of concrete based on pulse velocity are given below:

S.No. Pulse Velocity Condition of

concrete
I
in(Km/Sec.)
1.
Above 4.5 Excellent
2.
3.5 to 4.5Good
3.
3.0 to 3.5Medium
4.
Below 3.0 Poor

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3. PULLOUT TEST ON
HARDENED CONCRETE
The fundamental principle behind pull out
testing with LOK-test and CAPO test is that
the test equipment designed to a specific
geometry will produce results (pull-out
forces) that closely correlate to the
compressive strength of concrete.
The first method ,using the cast steel disc is
called LOK test. The second method shown
in fig.2 using expandable ring is called CAPO
test (i.e. Cut and Pull out Test). The diameter
of both the disc and ring is 25mm. the
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distance to the concrete surface is also

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The relationship between the pullout force Fu in kN

and compressive strength Fc in MPa is given in fig

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Pull out tests are used to

Determine in-situ compressive strength of

the concrete

Ascertain the strength of concrete for

carrying out post tensioning operations.

Determine the time of removal of forms

and shores based on actual in-situ strength
of the structure.

Terminate curing based on in-situ strength

of the structure.
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4.Core cutter
The test should be taken at points where
minimum strength and maximum stress are
likely to coincide. But, at the same time, the
core cutting causes some damage to the
member and may impair the future performance
of the member. Therefore, in slender members,
the core should be taken away from the critical
section. For compression testing, the diameter
of the core should be at least three times the
nominal maximum aggregate size.
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Uses of core cutter

Core Cutter is used to cut the core
from the existing concrete structure for
testing the physical properties of the
concrete like compressive strength,
density, water absorption, crack depth
and chemical test like depth of
carbonation and chloride content etc.
It can also be used to inspect the
interior region of the structural
members.
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5.Covermeter
Cover meters are electromagnetic in
operation. Electric currents in a coil
winding in the search head generate a
magnetic field which propagates through
the concrete and will interact with any
buried metal present, such as reinforcing
steel.It is the generic term for equipment
used to locate steel reinforcing bar in
concrete and to estimate the thickness of
the concrete cover over the reinforcement.

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6.X-ray Computed
tomography
Tomography means imaging an
object by taking measurements from
slices of its cross-section.

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In computed tomography, the image

of an object is reconstructed from
projections of the object.
Most commonly the projections are
obtained by using penetrating x-rays,
although other modalities for
measuring projection data are also
available.
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Electrical Resistivity Tes

This test is carried out to assess the quality / uniformity
of concrete at various depths. The instrument consists of a
four probe device. Electrical current is passed through the
outer probes & the potential drop is measured by the inner
probes. From the current & voltage drop measurements,
the resistivity of concrete can be measured.
Electrical resistivity = 2(pi)aE/i (in kilo-ohm cm)
where a = distance between probes
= 5 cm in the 1st set of readings
= 10 cm in the 2nd set of readings
E = potential difference between inner two probes in mV
Most useful test in tunnel structure.

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Thank
You

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