Environmental impact on

power stations
All energy sources affect the
environment There is no such thing as a
completely clean energy source .
Getting the energy we need affects our environment
in many different ways. Some energy sources have a
greater impact than others. Energy is lost to the
environment during any energy transformation,
usually as heat. Notice the heat from your computer
or car after it has been in use for a while. Nothing is
completely energy efficient. Fortunately, the energy
industry has become increasingly aware of the
importance of environmental protection and is working
to reduce its long-term impact.

Types of energy sources:

There are two types of energy conventional and

non conventional:
*Conventional:
(1) Steam power station(oil-gas-coal).
(2) Hydroelectric.
*Non conventional:
(3) Nuclear power station.
(4) Solar power station.
(5) Wind power station.
(6) Geothermal power plant.
(7) Biomass.

1-Steam power station(oil,gas,coal)

Introduction:

A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime

mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins
a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator.
After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a
condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this is known as a
Rankine cycle .

ISSU
ES

Water Pollution Noise

Pollution
Air Pollution
Land Degradation

Use a refined coal

solution
s

Use alternative sources for power

generation
Lowering the combustion temperature
of the furnace
Electron beam application

2-Hydroelectric
Introduction:Hydro-electric power is obtained from running water
to produce electricity

Effects of hydroelectric power generation

green house gases.

reduction of soil fertility.
earthquakes earth.
reduced spawning success of fishes.

create Fish passages

solution
s

New dam sites should be chosen with the

environmental impacts in mind
Endangered species should be relocated

Dams
should not be erected near residential areas

3-Nuclear power station

Introduction:

It deals with the generation of power from ther apid release

of atomic energy from Uranium when an atom is split by a

neutron. In a nuclear
fission chain reaction, a Uranium 235 atom absorbs a neutron
and splits into two new fission fragments, releasing three new
neutrons and a large amount of binding energy. An atom
ofUranium-238 absorbs one of these neutrons and does not
continue the reaction, while another neutron leaves the
system unabsorbed. The single neutron left collides with an
atom ofUranium-235, which in turn splits and releases two
neutrons and more energy.

Environmental Impact by nuclear:

The effect of :
Radio active leak and radiation on people .
Nuclear waste on land ,water and aquatic life .

**The possible solutions to minimizing the risk of nuclear power

generation include:k
by updating technology through its entire life
cycle.

solution
s

Improving nuclear security

power plant operators should install fish

protection technologies

4-Solar power station.

Introduction:

Due to technological improvements, solar energy

has experienced phenomenal growth in recent
years. Power is generated from the sun by the use of
photovoltaic cells, which convert the radiation from
the sun into Direct Current (DC) power. The DC power
can then be converted into Alternating Current (AC)
power and it is then fed into the grid.

Effects on the environment

Solar energy produces no air or water pollution or greenhouse

gases. However, it has some indirect impacts on the environment.

For example, the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells (PV) produces
some toxic materials and chemicals.
Ecosystems can also be affected by solar systems. Water from
underground wells may be required to clean concentrators and
receivers, and to cool the generator, which may harm the
ecosystem in dry climates.

solution
s

Proper care should be

taken
The new manufacturing
method should be
employed.

5-Wind power station

Introduction:

The wind flow, when trapped by the wind turbine, can

be used to produce mechanical power. Wind turbines
convert the kinetic energy in the wind into
mechanical power. The wind turbine, like the aircraft
propeller blades, and produces electricity

Impact on the environment

Noise pollution
Affects wildlife and their habitats
Migrating birds is killed on collision
Be sited at a far distance from residential
areas

solution
s

The location and operation of the

turbine should be modified
Engineers should be conversant with the
types of
noise a wind turbine
Using side-toothed gear

plant.
Introduction:It involves the drilling of wells. The heat energy is converted into
electricity at a geothermal power plant. Water is pumped down this
well where it is
reheated by hot rocks

Impact on the environment:

Geothermal power plants have relatively little
environmental impact they burn no fuel to
create electricity . These plants do create small
amounts of carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds

Acidsand volatile chemicals should be

equipped

solution
s

Using emission-control system

Injecte back the gases into the earth

7-Biomass

Introduction:

This refers to vegetation used as fuel or source of energy. They are used to generate

electricity
by providing direct heat and can be converted into biofuel as a direct substitute for
fossil

Impact on the environment:

Biomass creates harmful emissions like carbon dioxide and sulfur when it is burned .
Even burning wood in a fireplace or stove can create pollutants like carbon
monoxide. Burning municipal solid waste, or garbage that would otherwise go into a
landfill, can also cause potentially dangerous emissions. Disposing of the resulting
ash can also pose a problem, as it may contain harmful metals like lead and
cadmium . Ethanol is often added to gasoline, and while these mixtures burn cleaner
than pure gasoline.

Employ the drycooling systems

solution
s

forest managers
harvest in
sustainable manner