Académique Documents
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Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Objectives Overview
1. Define system software and identify the two types of system
software
2. Describe the functions of an operating system
3. Summarize the startup process on a personal computer
4. Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating systems
5. Briefly describe various server operating systems
6. Summarize the features of several embedded operating systems
7. Explain the purpose of several utility programs
8. Identify the four categories of application software
9. Differentiate among the seven forms through which software is available
10.Explain how the operating system and utility programs work with
application software
11.Describe characteristics of a user interface
12.Identify the key features of widely used business programs
13.Identify the key features of widely used graphics and multimedia
programs
14.Identify the key features of widely used home, personal and
educational programs
2
15.Discuss the advantages of and ways to access Web applications
System Software
System Software
System software consists of the
programs that control or maintain the
operations of the computer and its
devices
Operati
ng
systems
Utility
Progra
ms
4
Operating Systems
An operating system (OS) is a set of
programs containing instructions that work
together to coordinate all the activities among
computer
Start and hardware
Provide a resources
Manage
Manage
shut down a
computer
user
interface
programs
memory
Coordinate
tasks
Configure
devices
Establish an
Internet
connection
Monitor
performanc
e
Provide
utilities
Automatical
ly update
Control a
network
Administer
security
5
Operating Systems
Warm
boot
Using the
operating
system to
restart a
computer
10
12
Single
tasking and
multitasking
Preemptive
multitasking
Foreground
and
background
Multiprocessi
ng
13
14
15
16
A driver is a small
program that tells
the operating
system how to
communicate with
a specific device
17
18
19
Searching
for files
Viewing
images
Securing a
computer
Uninstalling
programs
Cleaning up
disks
Defragment
ing disks
Diagnosing
problems
Backing up
files and
disks
Setting up
screen
savers
20
21
22
23
24
Stand-Alone Operating
Systems
A stand-alone operating system is a
complete operating system that works
on a desktop computer, notebook
computer, or mobile computing device
Window
s7
Mac OS
X
UNIX
Linux
25
Stand-Alone Operating
Systems
Windows 7 is Microsofts fastest, most
efficient operating system to date and
is available in multiple editions:
Windows 7
Starter
Windows 7
Home
Premium
Windows 7
Ultimate
Windows 7
Professiona
l
26
Stand-Alone Operating
Systems
Windows 7 provides programs such as:
Windows
Firewall
Windows
DVD Maker
Windows
Media
Player
Desktop
Gadget
Gallery
27
Stand-Alone Operating
Systems
28
Stand-Alone Operating
Systems
29
Stand-Alone Operating
Systems
The Macintosh operating system has
set the standard for operating system
ease of use
Latest version is Mac OS X
30
Stand-Alone Operating
Systems
UNIX is a multitasking
operating system developed
in the early 1970s
Linux is an open-source,
popular, multitasking UNIXtype operating system
31
UNIX
Solaris
Pages 417 - 418
Linux
NetWare
32
33
Windows
Phone 7
Palm OS
iPhone
OS
BlackBerry
Google
Android
Embedded
Linux
Symbian
OS
34
35
Utility Programs
A utility program is a type of system
software that allows a user to perform
maintenance-type tasks
36
Utility Programs
A file manager is
a utility that
performs functions
related to file
management
Displaying a list of
files
Organizing files in
folders
Copying, renaming,
deleting, moving,
and sorting files
and folders
37
Utility Programs
A search utility is a program that
attempts to locate a file on your
computer based on criteria you specify
38
Utility Programs
An image viewer
allows users to
display, copy, and
print the contents
of a graphics file
An uninstaller
removes a
program, as well as
any associated
entries in the
system files
39
Utility Programs
A disk cleanup utility searches for and
removes unnecessary files
Downloaded program
files
Temporary Internet
files
Deleted files
Unused program
files
40
Utility Programs
A disk defragmenter reorganizes the
files and unused space on a computers
hard disk so that the operating system
accesses data more quickly and programs
run faster
Defragmenting
41
Utility Programs
A backup utility
allows users to
copy files to
another storage
medium
A restore utility
reverses the
process and
returns backed up
files to their
original form
42
Utility Programs
A screen saver
causes a display
devices screen to
show a moving
image or blank
screen if no activity
occurs for a
specified time
A personal
firewall detects
and protects a
personal computer
from unauthorized
intrusions
43
Utility Programs
A virus describes a potentially damaging
computer program that affects a
computer negatively
A worm
A Trojan
copies itself horse hides
repeatedly
within or
in memory looks like a
or over a
legitimate
network
program
An
antivirus
program
protects a
computer
against
viruses
44
Utility Programs
45
Utility Programs
Spyware is a program
placed on a computer
without the users
knowledge that secretly
collects information
about the user
A spyware remover
detects and deletes
spyware and other
similar programs
Adware displays an
online advertisement in a
banner or pop-up window
An adware remover is a
program that detects
and deletes adware
46
Utility Programs
Filters are programs that remove or
block certain items from being displayed
Web
filtering
software
Antispam
programs
Phishing
filters
Pop-up
blockers
47
Utility Programs
A file compression utility shrinks the size of
a file(s)
Compressing files frees up room on the storage
media
Two types of compression
Lossy
Lossless
Utility Programs
A media player allows you to view
images and animation, listen to audio,
and watch video files on your computer
49
Utility Programs
Disc burning
software writes
text, graphics,
audio, and video
files on a
recordable or
rewritable optical
disc
50
Application Software
Application software consists of
programs designed to make users more
productive and/or assist with personal
tasks
To
make business activities more efficient
To assist with graphics and multimedia
projects
To support home, personal, and
educational tasks
To facilitate communications
51
Application Software
52
Application Software
Available in a variety of forms:
Packaged
software
Custom
software
Web
applicatio
n
Open
source
software
Sharewar
e
Freeware
Publicdomain
software
53
Application Software
System software serves as the interface
between the user, the application
software, and the computers hardware
Utility programs
54
55
Business Software
Business software is application
software that assists people while
performing
business activities Presentatio
Word
Spreadshee
Database
Processing
Note Taking
Personal
Information
Manager
Business
Software for
Phones
Business
Software
Suites
Accounting
Document
Manageme
nt
Enterprise
Computing
Software
Project
Manageme
nt
Page 146
56
Business Software
Word processing
software allows
users to create and
manipulate
documents
Clip art is a
collection of
electronic
drawings, photos,
and other images
Page 147
Figure 3-5
57
Business Software
Additional word processing features
include
Page 148
Figure 3-6
AutoCorrec
t
AutoForma
t
Collaborati
on
Columns
Grammar
Checker
Ink Input
Macros
Mail Merge
Reading
Layout
Research
Search and
Replace
Smart Tags
Tables
Templates
Thesaurus
Tracking
Changes
Voice
Recognitio
n
Web Page
Developme
nt
58
Business Software
Developing a document
Create a
document
Page 149
Edit a
document
Make changes
to existing
content
Inserting,
deleting,
cutting, copying,
and pasting
Change
appearance
Font
Font size
Format a
document
59
Business Software
Spreadsheet software allows users to
organize data in rows and columns and
perform calculations
60
Business Software
A function is a predefined formula that
performs common calculations
FV
NPV
PMT
PV
RATE
DATE
NOW
TIME
ABS
INT
LN
LOG
ROUND
SQRT
SUM
AVERA
GE
COUNT
MAX
MIN
Page 152
Figure 3-9
STDEV
IF
61
Business Software
Charting depicts data in a spreadsheet
in graphical form
62
Business Software
A database is a collection of data organized
in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and
use of that data
Database software allows users to create,
access, and manage a database
Page 153
Figure 3-11
63
Business Software
Presentation
software allows
users to create
visual aids for
presentations to
communicate
ideas, messages,
and other
information to a
group
Page 154
Figure 3-12
64
Business Software
Page 155
Figure 3-13
65
Business Software
Note taking software is application
software that enables users to enter
typed text, handwritten comments,
drawings, or sketches anywhere on a
page
Page 156
Figure 3-14
66
Business Software
A software suite is a collection of
individual programs available together
as a unit
A personal information manager
(PIM) is application software that
Appointm
includes
Address
ent
Notepad
ent
calendar
Page 156
book
Notepad
67
Business Software
Scaled down versions of software are
available to work with smart phones and
other mobile devices
68
Business Software
Project management software allows a user to plan,
schedule, track, and analyze the events, resources, and
costs of a project
69
Business Software
Enterprises typically require special
computing solutions for various
functional
units
Human
Manufacturi
resources
Marketing
Accounting
Engineering
Sales
Distribution
ng
Customer
service
Information
technology
Page 159
70
Page 159
Figure 3-19
71
72
73
CLICK TO START
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3
74
Page 164
Figure 3-26
75
Personal finance
software
Legal software
Tax preparation
software
Pages 166 167
Figures 3-28 3-30
76
77
78
79
Web Applications
A Web application
is a Web site that
allows users to
access and interact
with software from
any computer or
device that is
connected to the
Internet
80
Web Applications
Page 173
Figure 3-43
81
Web Browser
Instant
Messaging
Chat Room
Text, Picture,
Video Messaging
RSS Aggregator
Blogging
Newsgroup/Mess
age Board
FTP
Page 174
Figure 3-44
VoIP
Video
Conferencing
82
Page 175
Figure 3-45a
83
Page 175
Figure 3-45b
84
85
Summary
Page 177
Overview of a variety
of business software,
graphics and
multimedia software,
and
home/personal/educati
onal software
86
Chapter 3
Software for Systems
Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 3 Complete
Summary
Page 429
Definition of an
operating system
Functions common
to most operating
systems
Several utility
programs
88
Chapter 3
Software for Systems
Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 8 Complete