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Chapter 3

Software for Systems

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World

Objectives Overview
1. Define system software and identify the two types of system
software
2. Describe the functions of an operating system
3. Summarize the startup process on a personal computer
4. Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating systems
5. Briefly describe various server operating systems
6. Summarize the features of several embedded operating systems
7. Explain the purpose of several utility programs
8. Identify the four categories of application software
9. Differentiate among the seven forms through which software is available
10.Explain how the operating system and utility programs work with
application software
11.Describe characteristics of a user interface
12.Identify the key features of widely used business programs
13.Identify the key features of widely used graphics and multimedia
programs
14.Identify the key features of widely used home, personal and
educational programs
2
15.Discuss the advantages of and ways to access Web applications

System Software

System Software
System software consists of the
programs that control or maintain the
operations of the computer and its
devices

Operati
ng
systems

Utility
Progra
ms
4

Operating Systems
An operating system (OS) is a set of
programs containing instructions that work
together to coordinate all the activities among
computer
Start and hardware
Provide a resources
Manage
Manage
shut down a
computer

user
interface

programs

memory

Coordinate
tasks

Configure
devices

Establish an
Internet
connection

Monitor
performanc
e

Provide
utilities

Automatical
ly update

Control a
network

Administer
security
5

Operating Systems

Operating System Functions


The process of starting or restarting a
computer is called booting
Cold boot
Turning
on a
computer
that has
been
powered
off
completel

Warm
boot
Using the
operating
system to
restart a
computer

Operating System Functions

Operating System Functions

A boot drive is the drive


from which your
computer starts

You can boot from a boot disk


A recovery disk contains a
few system files that will start
the computer

Operating System Functions


An operating system includes various
shut down options
Sleep mode saves any
open documents and
programs to RAM,
turns off all unneeded
functions, and then
places the computer
in a low-power state

Hibernate saves any


open documents and
programs to a hard
disk before removing
power from the
computer

10

Operating System Functions


A user interface
controls how you
enter data and
instructions and
how information is
displayed on the
screen
With a graphical
user interface
(GUI), you interact
with menus and
visual images
11

Operating System Functions


With a command-line interface, a user
uses the keyboard to enter data and
instructions

12

Operating System Functions


How an operating system handles
programs directly affects your
productivity
Single user
and
multiuser

Single
tasking and
multitasking

Preemptive
multitasking

Foreground
and
background

Multiprocessi
ng
13

14

Operating System Functions


Memory management optimizes the use of
RAM
Virtual memory is a portion of a storage
medium functioning as additional RAM

15

Operating System Functions


The operating system determines the
order in which tasks are processed

16

Operating System Functions

A driver is a small
program that tells
the operating
system how to
communicate with
a specific device

Plug and Play


automatically
configures new
devices as you
install them

17

Operating System Functions


Operating systems typically provide a
means to establish Internet connections

18

Operating System Functions


A performance monitor is a program
that assesses and reports information
about various computer resources and
devices

19

Operating System Functions


Operating systems often provide users
with the capability of:
Managing
files

Searching
for files

Viewing
images

Securing a
computer

Uninstalling
programs

Cleaning up
disks

Defragment
ing disks

Diagnosing
problems

Backing up
files and
disks

Setting up
screen
savers
20

Operating System Functions


Automatic update automatically
provides updates to the program

21

Operating System Functions


Some operating
A network
systems are
administrator uses
designed to work
the server
with a server on a
operating system
network
to:
Add and remove
A server
users, computers,
operating system
and other devices
organizes and
Install software and
coordinates how
administer network
multiple users
security
access and share
resources on a

22

Operating System Functions


Each user has a
user account
A user name, or
user ID, identifies a
specific user
A password is a
private combination
of characters
associated with the
user name

23

Types of Operating Systems

24

Stand-Alone Operating
Systems
A stand-alone operating system is a
complete operating system that works
on a desktop computer, notebook
computer, or mobile computing device

Window
s7

Mac OS
X

UNIX

Linux
25

Stand-Alone Operating
Systems
Windows 7 is Microsofts fastest, most
efficient operating system to date and
is available in multiple editions:
Windows 7
Starter

Windows 7
Home
Premium

Windows 7
Ultimate

Windows 7
Professiona
l
26

Stand-Alone Operating
Systems
Windows 7 provides programs such as:
Windows
Firewall

Windows
DVD Maker

Windows
Media
Player

Desktop
Gadget
Gallery

27

Stand-Alone Operating
Systems

28

Stand-Alone Operating
Systems

29

Stand-Alone Operating
Systems
The Macintosh operating system has
set the standard for operating system
ease of use
Latest version is Mac OS X

30

Stand-Alone Operating
Systems
UNIX is a multitasking
operating system developed
in the early 1970s
Linux is an open-source,
popular, multitasking UNIXtype operating system
31

Server Operating Systems


Windows
Server
2008

UNIX

Solaris
Pages 417 - 418

Linux

NetWare

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8

32

Server Operating Systems


Windows Server 2008 is an upgrade to
Windows
Server 2003
Part of the Windows Server 2008 family
Multiple editions

Most editions include Hyper-V, a virtualization


technology
Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling
computing resources

33

Embedded Operating Systems


An embedded operating system resides on
a ROM chip on a mobile device or consumer
electronic device
Windows
Embedde
d CE

Windows
Phone 7

Palm OS

iPhone
OS

BlackBerry

Google
Android

Embedded
Linux

Symbian
OS

34

Embedded Operating Systems

35

Utility Programs
A utility program is a type of system
software that allows a user to perform
maintenance-type tasks

36

Utility Programs
A file manager is
a utility that
performs functions
related to file
management
Displaying a list of
files
Organizing files in
folders
Copying, renaming,
deleting, moving,
and sorting files
and folders

37

Utility Programs
A search utility is a program that
attempts to locate a file on your
computer based on criteria you specify

38

Utility Programs
An image viewer
allows users to
display, copy, and
print the contents
of a graphics file
An uninstaller
removes a
program, as well as
any associated
entries in the
system files
39

Utility Programs
A disk cleanup utility searches for and
removes unnecessary files
Downloaded program
files
Temporary Internet
files
Deleted files
Unused program
files
40

Utility Programs
A disk defragmenter reorganizes the
files and unused space on a computers
hard disk so that the operating system
accesses data more quickly and programs
run faster
Defragmenting

41

Utility Programs
A backup utility
allows users to
copy files to
another storage
medium
A restore utility
reverses the
process and
returns backed up
files to their
original form
42

Utility Programs
A screen saver
causes a display
devices screen to
show a moving
image or blank
screen if no activity
occurs for a
specified time

A personal
firewall detects
and protects a
personal computer
from unauthorized
intrusions

43

Utility Programs
A virus describes a potentially damaging
computer program that affects a
computer negatively

A worm
A Trojan
copies itself horse hides
repeatedly
within or
in memory looks like a
or over a
legitimate
network
program

An
antivirus
program
protects a
computer
against
viruses

44

Utility Programs

45

Utility Programs

Spyware is a program
placed on a computer
without the users
knowledge that secretly
collects information
about the user
A spyware remover
detects and deletes
spyware and other
similar programs

Adware displays an
online advertisement in a
banner or pop-up window
An adware remover is a
program that detects
and deletes adware

46

Utility Programs
Filters are programs that remove or
block certain items from being displayed

Web
filtering
software

Antispam
programs

Phishing
filters

Pop-up
blockers
47

Utility Programs
A file compression utility shrinks the size of
a file(s)
Compressing files frees up room on the storage
media
Two types of compression
Lossy
Lossless

Compressed files sometimes are called


zipped files
Can be uncompressed
48

Utility Programs
A media player allows you to view
images and animation, listen to audio,
and watch video files on your computer

49

Utility Programs
Disc burning
software writes
text, graphics,
audio, and video
files on a
recordable or
rewritable optical
disc

50

Application Software
Application software consists of
programs designed to make users more
productive and/or assist with personal
tasks
To
make business activities more efficient
To assist with graphics and multimedia
projects
To support home, personal, and
educational tasks
To facilitate communications
51

Application Software

52

Application Software
Available in a variety of forms:
Packaged
software

Custom
software

Web
applicatio
n

Open
source
software

Sharewar
e

Freeware

Publicdomain
software
53

Application Software
System software serves as the interface
between the user, the application
software, and the computers hardware
Utility programs

54

55

Business Software
Business software is application
software that assists people while
performing
business activities Presentatio
Word
Spreadshee
Database

Processing

Note Taking

Personal
Information
Manager

Business
Software for
Phones

Business
Software
Suites

Accounting

Document
Manageme
nt

Enterprise
Computing
Software

Project
Manageme
nt
Page 146

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

56

Business Software
Word processing
software allows
users to create and
manipulate
documents
Clip art is a
collection of
electronic
drawings, photos,
and other images
Page 147
Figure 3-5

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

57

Business Software
Additional word processing features
include

Page 148
Figure 3-6

AutoCorrec
t

AutoForma
t

Collaborati
on

Columns

Grammar
Checker

Ink Input

Macros

Mail Merge

Reading
Layout

Research

Search and
Replace

Smart Tags

Tables

Templates

Thesaurus

Tracking
Changes

Voice
Recognitio
n

Web Page
Developme
nt

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

58

Business Software
Developing a document

Enter text and


numbers
Insert images
Perform other
tasks

Create a
document

Page 149

Edit a
document
Make changes
to existing
content
Inserting,
deleting,
cutting, copying,
and pasting

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

Change
appearance
Font
Font size

Format a
document

59

Business Software
Spreadsheet software allows users to
organize data in rows and columns and
perform calculations

Pages 150 - 151


Figure 3-8

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

60

Business Software
A function is a predefined formula that
performs common calculations
FV

NPV

PMT

PV

RATE

DATE

NOW

TIME

ABS

INT

LN

LOG

ROUND

SQRT

SUM

AVERA
GE

COUNT

MAX

MIN
Page 152
Figure 3-9

STDEV

IF

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

61

Business Software
Charting depicts data in a spreadsheet
in graphical form

Pages 152 153


Figure 3-10

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

62

Business Software
A database is a collection of data organized
in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and
use of that data
Database software allows users to create,
access, and manage a database

Page 153
Figure 3-11

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

63

Business Software
Presentation
software allows
users to create
visual aids for
presentations to
communicate
ideas, messages,
and other
information to a
group
Page 154
Figure 3-12

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

64

Business Software

Page 155
Figure 3-13

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

65

Business Software
Note taking software is application
software that enables users to enter
typed text, handwritten comments,
drawings, or sketches anywhere on a
page

Page 156
Figure 3-14

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

66

Business Software
A software suite is a collection of
individual programs available together
as a unit
A personal information manager
(PIM) is application software that
Appointm
includes
Address
ent
Notepad
ent
calendar

Page 156

book

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

Notepad

67

Business Software
Scaled down versions of software are
available to work with smart phones and
other mobile devices

Pages 156 157


Figure 3-15

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

68

Business Software
Project management software allows a user to plan,
schedule, track, and analyze the events, resources, and
costs of a project

Accounting software helps companies record and report


their financial transactions
Document management software provides a means for
sharing, distributing, and searching through documents by
converting them into a format that can be viewed by any
user
Pages 157 158
Figures 3-16 3-18

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

69

Business Software
Enterprises typically require special
computing solutions for various
functional
units
Human
Manufacturi
resources

Marketing

Accounting

Engineering

Sales

Distribution

ng

Customer
service

Information
technology
Page 159

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70

Graphics and Multimedia


Software

Page 159
Figure 3-19

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

71

Graphics and Multimedia


Software

Pages 160 161


Figures 3-20 3-22

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

72

Graphics and Multimedia


Software

Pages 162 163


Figures 3-23 3-25

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

73

Video: MediaCell Video


Converter

CLICK TO START
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

74

Graphics and Multimedia


Software
Web page authoring software helps
users of all skill levels create Web pages
that include multimedia and interactive
content

Page 164
Figure 3-26

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

75

Software for Home, Personal, and


Educational Use

Personal finance
software
Legal software
Tax preparation
software
Pages 166 167
Figures 3-28 3-30

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76

Software for Home, Personal, and


Educational Use

Personal DTP software


Personal paint/image editing
software
Personal photo editing
software
Pages 167 169
Figures 3-31 3-33

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

77

Software for Home, Personal, and


Educational Use

Clip art/image gallery


Video and audio editing software
Home design/landscaping
software
Pages 169 170
Figures 3-35 3-37

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

78

Software for Home, Personal, and


Educational Use

Travel and mapping


software
Reference software
Educational software
Entertainment software
Pages 170 172
Figures 3-38 3-41

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

79

Web Applications
A Web application
is a Web site that
allows users to
access and interact
with software from
any computer or
device that is
connected to the
Internet

Pages 172 173


Figure 3-42

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

80

Web Applications

Page 173
Figure 3-43

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

81

Application Software for


Communications

Web Browser

E-Mail

Instant
Messaging

Chat Room

Text, Picture,
Video Messaging

RSS Aggregator

Blogging

Newsgroup/Mess
age Board

FTP

Page 174
Figure 3-44

VoIP

Video
Conferencing

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

82

Learning Tools for Application


Software
Online Help is the
electronic
equivalent of a
user manual
You can ask a
question or access
the Help topics in
subject or
alphabetical order

Page 175
Figure 3-45a

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

83

Learning Tools for Application


Software
Web-based Help provides updates and
more comprehensive resources to
respond to technical issues about
software

Page 175
Figure 3-45b

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

84

Learning Tools for Application


Software
Web-based training
is a type of CBT that
uses Internet
technology and
consists of application
software on the Web
Distance learning
(DL) is the delivery of
education at one
location while the
learning takes place at
other locations
Page 176
Figure 3-46

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

85

Summary

Page 177

How to start and


interact with
application software

Overview of a variety
of business software,
graphics and
multimedia software,
and
home/personal/educati
onal software

Web applications and


application software
for communications

Learning tools for


application software
and Web-based
training

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 3

86

Chapter 3
Software for Systems

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World

Chapter 3 Complete

Summary

Page 429

Definition of an
operating system

Functions common
to most operating
systems

Variety of standalone operating


systems, server
operating systems,
and embedded
operating systems

Several utility
programs

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 8

88

Chapter 3
Software for Systems

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World

Chapter 8 Complete

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