HUMAN-TO-HUMAN

RELATIONSHIP MODEL
Joyce Travelbee
Blaise B. Nieve
Master of Arts in Nursing, Major in Clinical
Management
Davao Doctors College

JOYCE TRAVELBEE
A nurse does not only seek
to alleviate physical pain or
render physical care she
ministers to the whole
person. The existence of the
suffering whether physical,
mental or spiritual is the

INTRODUCING THE THEORIST

PSYCHIATRIC NURSE
EDUCATOR
PRACTITIONE
R
WRITER
JOCE

JOYCE TRAVELBEE

INTRODUCING THE THEORIST

1946, Basic Nursing Prep,
Charity School of Nursing
1956, BSN degree, Louisiana
State
JOCE University

JOYCE TRAVELBEE

1959, Master of Science

Degree in Nursing, Yale
University
1973, Doctoral degree

INTRODUCING THE THEORIST

EDUCATOR

Charity Hospital School of Nursing, New

Depaul Hospital Affilliate School, New
Orleans
Louisiana State University, New Orleans
Orleans
JOCE
New
York University, New York
University of Mississippi, Jackson

JOYCE TRAVELBEE

PROJECT DIRECTOR

Hotel Dieu School of Nursing, New

Orleans

INTRODUCING THE THEORIST

WRITER (1963)
Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing
JOCE 1971)
(1966,
Intervention
on Psychiatric Nursing
(1969)

JOYCE TRAVELBEE

EVOLUTION OF THEORY

IDA JEAN ORLANDO

Nurse Process Discipline
Theory (1961)
JOCE

VIKTOR FRANKL
Logotherapy
(1972)

CATHOLIC
INSTITUTIONS

PARADIGM: NURSING

- interpersonal process
whereby the professional nurse
practitioner
assists to prevent
JOCE
or cope with the experience of
illness and suffering and to find
meaning in these experiences

PARADIGM: NURSING

JOCE

PARADIGM: PERSON

- A human being; a human

being is a unique, irreplaceable
JOCE
individual
who is in the
continuous process of
becoming, evolving, and
changing

PARADIGM: HEALTH
- subjective and objective
health
Subjective health status:
individually defined state of
JOCE
well-being
in accord with selfappraisal of physicalemotional-spiritual status.

PARADIGM: HEALTH
- subjective and objective
health
Objective health is an
absence of discernable
JOCE
disease,
disability, or defect as
measured by physical
examination, laboratory tests,
assessment by a spiritual
director, or psychological

PARADIGM: ENVIRONMENT

JOCE

ILLNESS | SUFFERING | PAIN | HOPE |

HOPELESSNESS

HUMAN-TO-HUMAN RELATIONSHIP
MODEL: HUMANISTIC REVOLUTION

JOCE

HUMAN-TO-HUMAN RELATIONSHIP
MODEL: INTERACTIONAL PHASES

ORIGINAL ENCOUNTER
- First impression by the nurse
of the sick person and viceversa. JOCE
- Stereotyped or traditional
roles

HUMAN-TO-HUMAN RELATIONSHIP
MODEL: INTERACTIONAL PHASES

EMERGING IDENTITIES
- the time when relationship
begins
JOCE
- the nurse
and patient
perceives each others
uniqueness

HUMAN-TO-HUMAN RELATIONSHIP
MODEL: INTERACTIONAL PHASES

EMPATHY
- the ability to share in the
persons experience
JOCE

HUMAN-TO-HUMAN RELATIONSHIP
MODEL: INTERACTIONAL PHASES

SYMPATHY

- when the nurse wants to

lessen the cause of patients
suffering.
JOCE
- it goes beyond empathy
When one sympathizes, one
is involved but not
incapacitated by the
involvement.

HUMAN-TO-HUMAN RELATIONSHIP
MODEL: INTERACTIONAL PHASES

RAPPORT

- Rapport is described as
nursing interventions that
lessensJOCE
the patients suffering.
- Relation as human being to
human being

HUMAN-TO-HUMAN RELATIONSHIP
MODEL: INTERACTIONAL PHASES

RAPPORT

- A nurse is able to establish

rapport because she possesses
JOCE
the necessary
knowledge and
skills required to assist ill
persons and because she is
able to perceive, respond to
and appreciate the uniqueness
*phases
are in consecutive
and are in a developmental pr
of the
ill human
being.

APPLICATION: PRACTICE

PHYSICAL EMERGENCY

=
PSYCHOLOGICAL
JOCE

EMERGENCY

APPLICATION: PRACTICE

HOSPICE
ELISABETH KUBLER-ROSS
death does not have to be a
JOCE
catastrophic, destructive thing;
indeed, it can be viewed as
one of the most constructive,
positive, and creative elements
of culture and life.

APPLICATION: PRACTICE

HOSPICE
ELISABETH KUBLER-ROSS
- self-actualizing life
JOCE
experience. Assumption of the
sick role. Meaning of life and
sickness and death.

APPLICATION: EDUCATION
Teaches nurses to understand
the meaning of illness and
suffering.
JOCE

APPLICATION: EDUCATION
Teaches nurses to understand
the meaning of illness and
suffering.
JOCE

APPLICATION: RESEARCH
Applied in the theory of caring
cancer patients.
JOCE

THEORY ANALYSIS
Clarity is not consistent in
clarity and origin.
1. Definition of terms came
from
dictionaries and books
JOCE
etc.
2. Used different terms for the
same definition.

THEORY ANALYSIS
Clarity is not consistent in
clarity and origin.
3. Focus more on adult
individuals
who are sick and
JOCE
the nurses role in helping
them to find meaning in their
sickness and suffering.
4. Deals in families and their
needs but not in the

THEORY ANALYSIS
Simplicity not simple.
1. Contains different variables.
Generality
has wide scope of
JOCE
application but applicable only
to those patients in distress
and life changing events.

THEORY ANALYSIS
Empirical Precision low
measures of empirical
soundness.
1. Result
of lack of simplicity.
JOCE
2. Defines concepts
theoretically but does not
define them operationally.
3. The model has not been
tested.

THEORY ANALYSIS
Derivable Consequences
development of quality of
caring.
1. It
is useful because of its
JOCE
ability to describe, explain,
predict and control a
phenomena.

THEORY ANALYSIS
Derivable Consequences
development of quality of
caring.
2. Explains
the variables that
JOCE
affect the establishment of a
therapeutic relationship
between nurses and patients.
3. Lack of empirical precision
also creates lack of

CASE ANALYSIS