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Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
2.1
Introduction
2.2
2.3
Accident Categories
2.4
Chapter 2
Hazards
Risks
Accidents
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
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HAZARD
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Mastery
Reliability
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What is a "hazard?"
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
OHSAS 18001:1999
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Hazard:
Anything which may cause harm, injury, or ill
health.
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BRAINSTORMING
This is a process of conducting group meetings with people who
are familiar with the operation of the area under review,
recording all ideas and thoughts relating to possible hazards
and then sorting the results into some sort of priority order.
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Mastery
Reliability
KNOWLEDGE OF EMPLOYEES
Employees should be encouraged to report any hazards
they are aware of.
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Mastery
Reliability
TRADE JOURNALS
Trade journals are often a source of information regarding
hazards encountered by others in the industry. They can be a
source of useful inquiry, as members of the same industry
would expect to encounter similar hazards
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OSH PUBLICATIONS
These publications can be of particular benefit as
they concentrate on reporting issues relating to safety
and health
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Reliability
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Reliability
CONTACTS
A counter-part in another subsidiary of the company
or even a contact in a competitive company could be a
good source of information as they probably share similar
safety problems.
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Mastery
Reliability
Industry Associations
Safety and health is often brought up at industry association
meetings or during informal discussions before or after
meetings.
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Mastery
Reliability
ASK, "WHAT IF . . . ?
Its important to try to anticipate how human behaviour,
equipment, and system failures could combine to create
a hazardous situation.
Constantly ask yourself "What if?...."
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What is risk?
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
OHSAS 18001:1999
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Mastery
Reliability
Risk
may be considered as the potential for adverse effects
resulting from an activity or event
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Risk Assessment
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Mastery
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Reliability
Risk:
The possibility of an unwanted event occurring
Likelihood:
The chance of an event actually occurring .
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FATAL
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Mastery
Reliability
Death
MINOR INJURIES
Typically a reversible injury or damage to health needing
several days away from work to recover. Recovery would be full and permanent.
NEGLIGIBLE INJURIES
Would require first aid and may need the
remainder of the work period or shift off before being able to return to work.
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Elimination
Substitution
Isolation
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
Provide Personal Protective Equipment .
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Elimination
The Best method of dealing with a hazard is to
eliminate it. Once the hazard has been eliminated the
potential for harm has gone.
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Mastery
Reliability
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Substitution
This involves substituting a dangerous process
or substance with one that is not as dangerous.
This may not be as satisfactory as elimination as there may
still be a risk (even if it is reduced).
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Mastery
Reliability
Isolation
Separate or isolate the hazard from people. This method has
its problems in that the hazard has not been removed.
The guard or separation device is always at risk of being
removed or circumvented.
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Mastery
Reliability
Administration
Administrative solutions usually involve modification
of the likelihood of an accident happening. This can be
done by reducing the number of people exposed to the
danger reducing the amount of time exposed and providing
training to those people who are exposed to the hazard.
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Mastery
Reliability
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Mastery
Reliability
KEY POINT
A review follow-up is always essential.
Review is an important aspect of any risk management
process.
It is essential to review what has been done to ensure
that the controls put in place are effective
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Social Environment:
Those conditions which make us take or accept risks.
Unsafe Acts or Conditions:
Poor planning, unsafe equipment, hazardous environment.
The Accident:
The accident occurs when the above events conspire to cause
something to go wrong.
The Injury: Injury occurs when the person sustains damage.
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Risk-based solution
Risk Management
Hazard identification + risk assessment
= risk control strategies
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Mastery
Reliability
M aterials
Equipment
Environment
Employees
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Reliability
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Mastery
Reliability
Falls
Impact
Mechanical
Vibration/Noise
Toxics
Heat/Temperature
Flammability/Fire
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Explosives
Pressure
Electrical contact
Ergonomics
Biohazards
Violence
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Mastery
Reliability
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Caught-between
Struck-against
Fall-To-surface
Contact-by
Fall-To-below
Contact-with
Over-exertion
Caught-on
Bodily reaction
Caught-in
Over-exposure
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Mastery
Reliability
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Mastery
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Observation
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The process...
Break a job or task into specific steps.
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Mastery
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Reliability
Incident/Accident Analysis
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OSH Policy
OSH Organization
OSH arrangements at the workplace
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Mastery
Reliability
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Mastery
Reliability
Inspection
Observations
JSA
Incident/accident analysis
Then your group must present your HAZID findings to
the
class. Hazards that are identified must be categorized
as
per MEEE slide.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
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Mastery
Reliability
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Mastery
Reliability
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Elimination
Substitution
Isolation
Engineering Control
Administrative Control
PPE
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
Risk elimination
programs
Risk reduction
programs
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Mastery
Reliability
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Mastery
Reliability
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Substitution
Modify process
Enclosure
Local exhaust
Fugitive
emission control
Isolation
Housekeeping
General
ventilation
Continuous area
monitoring
Dilution
ventilation
Automation or
remote control
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Mastery
Reliability
Training and
education
Worker rotation
Enclosure of
worker
Personal
monitoring
Personal
protective devices
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Mastery
Reliability
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Mastery
Reliability
OSH Jenis
Accident Investigation
Workshop
Kaitan
Pekerjaan
dengan Hazard
Jenis Pekerjaan
Hazard
Tukang kayu
Juru elektrik
Tukang Paip
Chapter
2
MENILAI RISIKO
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
5 : KERAP
4 : SELALU
3 : PERNAH BERLAKU
2 : SEKALI-SEKALI
1 : JARANG
Chapter
2
MENILAI RISIKO
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
5: BENCANA
KEMATIAN
4: BESAR
3: SEDERHANA
2: KECIL
1: SEDIKIT
FIRST AID
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
Chapter 2
1 (SANGAT RENDAH)
25 (SANGAT TINGGI)
1
JARANG
2
SEKALISEKALI
3
PERNAH
BERLAKU
4
SELALU
5
KERAP
1: SEDIKIT
2: KECIL
10
3: SEDERHANA
12
15
4: BESAR
12
16
20
5: BENCANA
10
15
20
25
Chapter 2
RISIKO
SANGAT
TINGGI
(15-25)
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
TINDAKAN
BERITAHU PIHAK PENGURUSAN SEGERA
HAPUSKAN : TIDAK BOLEH
DIBIARKAN;
PERLU
KAWALAN SEGERA DAN JANGKA PANJANG YANG
LEBIH BERKESAN
TINGGI
(8-14)
SEDERHANA
(4-7)
RENDAH
(1-3)
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
Chapter 2
PENGAWALAN RISIKO
Semua risiko
perlu di
kurangkan
RISIKO
SangatTinggi
TIDAK BOLEH
DITERIMA
Tinggi
As
Low
Sederhana
As
KURANGKAN
SERENDAH YANG
MUNGKIN
Rendah
Reasonably
Practicable.
BOLEH DITERIMA
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Integrity
HIRARKI
LANGKAH
KAWALAN
Nuri
Allied
Consultant
(M)
Sdn.
Bhd.
HIRARKI LANGKAH KAWALAN
Mastery
1. Hapuskan hazard
Reliability
3. Asingkan hazard
4. Guna kawalan
kejuruteraan
5. Guna kawalan
pentadbiran
6.Guna peralatan
perlindungan diri
Chapter 2
Jika
tiada
HIRARC
OSH Accident
Investigation
Workshop ..
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
Chapter 2
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Mastery
Reliability
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
OSHformworkAccident Investigation
Workshop (satu contoh)
Kerja
acuan
Chapter
2
K: Kebarangkalian
KA: Kesan Akibat
R: Risiko
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
OSH Accident
Investigation acuan
Workshop (satu contoh)
Kerja
formworkChapter
2
Chapter 2
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
Tarikh
Perihal Kemalangan
Sebab
07 Apr 06
29 Mei 06
30 Jun 06
14 Jun 06
Dilanggar
18 Ogo 06
Objek jatuh
08 Jul 06
14 Ogo 06
Objek jatuh
16 Sep 06
13 Okt 06
Objek jatuh
10
10 Ogo 06
11
27 Dis 06
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
Chapter 2
Tarikh
Perihal Kemalangan
Sebab
12
26 Dis 06
13
11 Jan 07
14
15
16
02 Apr 07
17
03 Apr 07
18
14 Apr 07
19
16 Apr 07
Digilis
20
08 May 07
Dilanggar
21
02 Jun 07
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Mastery
Reliability
Keadaan
dan amalan tidak selamat
OSH Accident Investigation Workshop
Chapter 2
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Mastery
Reliability
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Mastery
Reliability
Chapter 2
Kajian
semula
OSH Accident
InvestigationHIRARC
Workshop
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
Chapter 2
Mula
Mengkelaskan Aktiviti
(Tugas, Produk, Perkhidmatan, Aktiviti)
Kenalpasti Hazard
Menilai Hazard
Kawal Risiko
Semak Kawalan
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability
Kesimpulan
Integrity
Mastery
Reliability